python使用tkinter实现简单计算器

下面是详细讲解“python使用tkinter实现简单计算器”的完整攻略。

第一步：导入tkinter库

在开始编写计算器之前，需要先导入Tkinter库。可以使用以下代码导入：

from tkinter import *

第二步：创建主窗口和添加组件

在导入库之后，需要创建主窗口并为其添加所需组件。这个过程可以使用以下代码完成：

root = Tk()
root.title("计算器")

# 创建一个输入框
entry = Entry(root, width=35, borderwidth=5)
entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)

# 创建按钮
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))

button_add = Button(root, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=button_add)
button_subtract = Button(root, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_subtract)
button_multiply = Button(root, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_multiply)
button_divide = Button(root, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_divide)

button_clear = Button(root, text="清除", padx=79, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_equal = Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_equal)

在这段代码中，我们创建了一个主窗口，并为其添加了一个输入框和所有需要用到的按钮。

第三步：定义按钮点击事件

下一步是为每个按钮定义单击事件。这可以使用以下代码完成：

# 按钮单击事件
def button_click(number):
    current = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)
    entry.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))

def button_add():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "addition"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_subtract():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "subtraction"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_multiply():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "multiplication"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_divide():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "division"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_clear():
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_equal():
    second_number = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)

    if math == "addition":
        entry.insert(0, f_num + int(second_number))
    elif math == "subtraction":
        entry.insert(0, f_num - int(second_number))
    elif math == "multiplication":
        entry.insert(0, f_num * int(second_number))
    elif math == "division":
        entry.insert(0, f_num / int(second_number))

在这段代码中，我们定义了单击事件（也称为回调函数）来处理按钮的点击。这些回调函数将执行根据所点击的按钮执行的相应操作。

第四步：运行计算器

定义完回调函数之后，可以通过以下代码运行计算器：

# 创建按钮的布局
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)

button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)

button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)

button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)

button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)

button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)
button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)
button_divide.grid(row=6, column=2)

root.mainloop()

这行代码运行计算器并将其显示在屏幕上。

示例1

下面是示例1，它将演示如何使用Python Tkinter实现一个简单的计算器。

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("计算器")

# 创建一个输入框
entry = Entry(root, width=35, borderwidth=5)
entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)

# 创建按钮
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))

button_add = Button(root, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=button_add)
button_subtract = Button(root, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_subtract)
button_multiply = Button(root, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_multiply)
button_divide = Button(root, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_divide)

button_clear = Button(root, text="清除", padx=79, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_equal = Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_equal)

# 按钮单击事件
def button_click(number):
    current = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)
    entry.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))

def button_add():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "addition"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_subtract():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "subtraction"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_multiply():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "multiplication"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_divide():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "division"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_clear():
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_equal():
    second_number = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)

    if math == "addition":
        entry.insert(0, f_num + int(second_number))
    elif math == "subtraction":
        entry.insert(0, f_num - int(second_number))
    elif math == "multiplication":
        entry.insert(0, f_num * int(second_number))
    elif math == "division":
        entry.insert(0, f_num / int(second_number))

# 创建按钮的布局
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)

button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)

button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)

button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)

button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)

button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)
button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)
button_divide.grid(row=6, column=2)

root.mainloop()

当你运行这个程序时，会看到计算器的界面。

示例2

下面是示例2，它演示了如何将计算器与其他代码集成起来。例如，可以修改按钮中的回调函数来对计算器执行其他操作，而不仅仅是简单的数学计算。

from tkinter import *

# 按钮单击事件
def button_click(number):
    current = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)
    entry.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))

def button_add():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "addition"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_subtract():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "subtraction"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_multiply():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "multiplication"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_divide():
    first_number = entry.get()
    global f_num
    global math
    math = "division"
    f_num = int(first_number)
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_clear():
    entry.delete(0, END)

def button_equal():
    second_number = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)

    if math == "addition":
        entry.insert(0, f_num + int(second_number))
    elif math == "subtraction":
        entry.insert(0, f_num - int(second_number))
    elif math == "multiplication":
        entry.insert(0, f_num * int(second_number))
    elif math == "division":
        entry.insert(0, f_num / int(second_number))

# 创建一个主窗口
root = Tk()
root.title("计算器")

# 创建一个输入框
entry = Entry(root, width=35, borderwidth=5)
entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)

# 创建按钮
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))

button_add = Button(root, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=button_add)
button_subtract = Button(root, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_subtract)
button_multiply = Button(root, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_multiply)
button_divide = Button(root, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_divide)

button_clear = Button(root, text="清除", padx=79, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_equal = Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_equal)

# 创建按钮的布局
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)

button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)

button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)

button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)

button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)

button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)
button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)
button_divide.grid(row=6, column=2)

# 在计算器外部将计算结果导入到另一个便签
result_label = Label(root, text="计算结果：")
result_label.grid(row=7, column=0)

result_text = Label(root, text="")
result_text.grid(row=7, column=1)

# 隐藏计算结果同步到另一个标签的功能
def button_equal():
    second_number = entry.get()
    entry.delete(0, END)

    if math == "addition":
        result = f_num + int(second_number)
        entry.insert(0, result)
        result_text.config(text=result)
    elif math == "subtraction":
        result = f_num - int(second_number)
        entry.insert(0, result)
        result_text.config(text=result)
    elif math == "multiplication":
        result = f_num * int(second_number)
        entry.insert(0, result)
        result_text.config(text=result)
    elif math == "division":
        result = f_num / int(second_number)
        entry.insert(0, result)
        result_text.config(text=result)

# 运行主循环
root.mainloop()

在这个示例中，我们添加了一个标签，用于在计算结果被计算时显示结果的值。我们还添加了一行代码，将计算结果同步到另一个标签（result_text）。现在，每当单击“=”按钮时，计算结果都将显示在entry框中和另一个标签中。

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python使用tkinter实现简单计算器

第一步：导入tkinter库

第二步：创建主窗口和添加组件

第三步：定义按钮点击事件

第四步：运行计算器

示例1

示例2

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