教你用Python实现简易版学生信息管理系统(含源码)

概述

本文将介绍如何使用 Python 编写一个简单的学生信息管理系统。本系统支持添加、查询、删除和修改学生信息，并且所有数据都存储在本地文本文件中。本文将详细介绍系统的实现流程，并提供完整的源码。

实现步骤

1. 创建项目

首先，在本地环境中创建一个新的 Python 项目文件夹，并在文件夹中创建一个名为 students.txt 的空文本文件。该文件将用于存储所有学生的信息。

2. 实现学生类

创建一个名为 Student 的 Python 类，该类具有以下属性：id，name，gender，age 和 score。通过实现该类，我们可以方便地对学生信息进行管理。

示例代码：

class Student:
    def __init__(self, id, name, gender, age, score):
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.age = age
        self.score = score

3. 实现数据存储工具类

创建一个名为 DataTool 的 Python 类，该类具有以下方法：

• read_data()：从本地文本文件中读取所有学生的信息，并将其存储在列表中。
• write_data(data_list)：将传递的学生信息列表写入本地文本文件。

示例代码：

class DataTool:
    def __init__(self, file_path):
        self.file_path = file_path

    def read_data(self):
        with open(self.file_path, 'r') as f:
            content = f.readlines()

        student_list = []
        for item in content:
            item = item.strip().split(',')
            student_list.append(Student(item[0], item[1], item[2], item[3], item[4]))
        return student_list

    def write_data(self, data_list):
        with open(self.file_path, 'w') as f:
            for item in data_list:
                write_str = '{0},{1},{2},{3},{4}\n'.format(item.id, item.name, item.gender, item.age, item.score)
                f.write(write_str)

4. 实现学生信息管理类

创建一个名为 StudentManager 的 Python 类，该类具有以下方法：

• show_all_student()：打印出所有学生的信息。
• add_student()：向学生列表中添加一个新学生。
• delete_student()：从学生列表中删除指定学生。
• update_student()：更新指定学生的信息。

示例代码：

class StudentManager:
    def __init__(self, file_path):
        self.data_tool = DataTool(file_path)
        self.student_list = self.data_tool.read_data()

    def show_all_student(self):
        if not self.student_list:
            print('No student information available.\n')
            return
        print('id  name  gender  age  score')
        for item in self.student_list:
            print('{0}  {1}  {2}  {3}  {4}'.format(item.id, item.name, item.gender, item.age, item.score))
        print()

    def add_student(self):
        id = input('Please enter the student id: ')
        name = input('Please enter the name of the student: ')
        gender = input('Please enter the gender of the student: ')
        age = input('Please enter the age of the student: ')
        score = input('Please enter the score of the student: ')

        new_student = Student(id, name, gender, age, score)
        self.student_list.append(new_student)
        self.data_tool.write_data(self.student_list)
        print('Add student successfully!\n')

    def delete_student(self):
        delete_id = input('Please enter the student id you want to delete: ')
        for i in range(len(self.student_list)):
            if self.student_list[i].id == delete_id:
                del self.student_list[i]
                self.data_tool.write_data(self.student_list)
                print('Delete student successfully!\n')
                return
        else:
            print('Sorry, student id not found.\n')

    def update_student(self):
        update_id = input('Please enter the student id you want to update: ')
        for item in self.student_list:
            if item.id == update_id:
                item.name = input('Please enter the new name of the student: ')
                item.gender = input('Please enter the new gender of the student: ')
                item.age = input('Please enter the new age of the student: ')
                item.score = input('Please enter the new score of the student: ')
                self.data_tool.write_data(self.student_list)
                print('Update student information successfully!\n')
                return
        else:
            print('Sorry, student id not found.\n')

5. 实现入口函数

创建一个名为 main() 的 Python 函数，用于运行该程序。通过调用 StudentManager 类中的方法，可以方便地实现对学生信息的管理。

示例代码：

def main():
    file_path = './students.txt'
    student_manager = StudentManager(file_path)

    while True:
        print('=== Student Information Management System ===')
        print('1. Show all student information.')
        print('2. Add new student.')
        print('3. Delete student.')
        print('4. Update student information.')
        print('0. Quit system.')
        choice = input('Please make a choice: ')

        if choice == '1':
            student_manager.show_all_student()

        elif choice == '2':
            student_manager.add_student()

        elif choice == '3':
            student_manager.delete_student()

        elif choice == '4':
            student_manager.update_student()

        elif choice == '0':
            print('Thank you for using Student Information Management System, goodbye!')
            break

        else:
            print('Invalid input, please try again.\n')

程序演示

请参考下方两个示例：

示例 1：添加学生信息

=== Student Information Management System ===
1. Show all student information.
2. Add new student.
3. Delete student.
4. Update student information.
0. Quit system.
Please make a choice: 2

Please enter the student id: 001
Please enter the name of the student: John
Please enter the gender of the student: Male
Please enter the age of the student: 18
Please enter the score of the student: 90

Add student successfully!

示例 2：显示所有学生信息

=== Student Information Management System ===
1. Show all student information.
2. Add new student.
3. Delete student.
4. Update student information.
0. Quit system.
Please make a choice: 1

id  name  gender  age  score
001  John  Male  18  90