用Python的Django框架编写从Google Adsense中获得报表的应用

首先让我们来讲解一下用Python的Django框架编写从Google Adsense中获得报表的应用的完整攻略。

1.准备工作

在开始编写应用程序之前，您需要准备以下工具和框架：

Python 3.6+
Django 2.x
Google Adsense API
Google OAuth2认证

2.创建Google OAuth2应用程序

在项目开发之前，首先需要设置好Google授权认证。访问Google API Console并使用您的Google账户登录。创建一个项目并启用Google Adsense API。

然后，配置您的OAuth2认证。从左侧面板选择“凭据”选项。点击“创建凭据”，选择“OAuth客户端ID”为凭据类型。单击“创建凭据”按钮后，填写必要的信息即可完成设置。在这些信息包括：

应用程序类型：Web应用程序
授权JavaScript来源：http://localhost:8000
受信任的重定向URI：http://localhost:8000/oauth/callback

记录下客户端ID和客户端密钥，稍后将用于在应用程序中进行授权。

3.安装必要的Python包

使用pip安装以下Python包（同样也可在PyPI上查找）：

pip install google-auth google-auth-oauthlib google-auth-httplib2 google-api-python-client Django

4.创建Django应用

创建Django项目和应用程序，并在“settings.py”文件中设置应用程序密钥和其他必要的设置：

# settings.py
from os import environ

# Google Adsense API
ADS_CLIENT_ID = environ.get('ADS_CLIENT_ID')
ADS_CLIENT_SECRET = environ.get('ADS_CLIENT_SECRET')
ADS_REDIRECT_URI = 'http://localhost:8000/oauth/callback'
ADS_USER_AGENT = 'google-api-python-client/1.7.11 Python/3.7.3'

# Django settings
DEBUG = True
SECRET_KEY = 'your-secret-key-here'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost', '127.0.0.1']

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'ads.apps.AdsConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

接下来，创建应用程序：

python manage.py startapp ads

并在“ads/apps.py”文件中添加应用程序名称：

# ads/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig

class AdsConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'ads'

5.在Django中实现OAuth2身份验证

在“ads/views.py”中使用Google OAuth2进行身份验证：

from django.shortcuts import redirect, render
from google.oauth2.credentials import Credentials
from google_auth_oauthlib.flow import Flow

def index(request):
    if 'credentials' not in request.session:
        flow = Flow.from_client_config(
            client_id=settings.ADS_CLIENT_ID,
            client_secret=settings.ADS_CLIENT_SECRET,
            scope=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/adsense.readonly'],
            redirect_uri=settings.ADS_REDIRECT_URI)
        auth_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
            access_type='offline', include_granted_scopes='true')
        request.session['oauth2_state'] = state
        return redirect(auth_url)
    else:
        credentials = Credentials.from_authorized_user_info(
            request.session['credentials'])
        return render(request, 'index.html')

接下来，在重定向URI上创建回调视图以便于接收OAuth2授权码：

def oauth_callback(request):
    try:
        state = request.session['oauth2_state']
    except KeyError:
        return redirect('index')
    flow = Flow.from_client_config(
        client_id=settings.ADS_CLIENT_ID,
        client_secret=settings.ADS_CLIENT_SECRET,
        scope=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/adsense.readonly'],
        state=state,
        redirect_uri=settings.ADS_REDIRECT_URI)
    flow.fetch_token(authorization_response=request.get_full_path())
    request.session['credentials'] = flow.credentials.to_json()
    return redirect('index')

6.使用Google Adsense API

使用以下代码从Google Adsense API中检索报告数据：

from django.conf import settings
from google.oauth2.credentials import Credentials
from googleapiclient.discovery import build

def get_report_data(request):
    credentials = Credentials.from_authorized_user_info(
        request.session['credentials'])
    svc = build('adsense', 'v1.4', credentials=credentials, user_agent=settings.ADS_USER_AGENT)
    results = svc.accounts().reports().generate(
        accountId=request.GET.get('account_id'),
        currency=request.GET.get('currency'),
        date_range='custom',
        dimension=['DATE'],
        metric=['EARNINGS', 'CLICKS'],
        start_date=request.GET.get('start_date'),
        end_date=request.GET.get('end_date')).execute()
    return results

示例

以下是通过Django应用程序使用Google Adsense API的两个示例：

示例1：从用户的所有Adsense账户中汇总并列出数据

def report(request):
    accounts = []
    results = {}
    credentials = Credentials.from_authorized_user_info(
        request.session['credentials'])
    svc = build('adsense', 'v1.4', credentials=credentials, user_agent=settings.ADS_USER_AGENT)
    accounts_list = svc.accounts().list().execute()
    for account in accounts_list['items']:
        accounts.append({
            'id': account['id'],
            'name': account['name'],
        })
        r = svc.accounts().reports().generate(
            accountId=account['id'],
            currency='USD',
            date_range='custom',
            dimension=['DATE'],
            metric=['EARNINGS', 'CLICKS'],
            start_date=request.GET.get('start_date'),
            end_date=request.GET.get('end_date')).execute()
        for row in r['rows']:
            date = row['cells'][0]['value']
            earnings = float(row['cells'][1]['value'])
            clicks = int(row['cells'][2]['value'])
            if date not in results:
                results[date] = {
                    'clicks': clicks,
                    'earnings': earnings,
                }
            else:
                results[date]['clicks'] += clicks
                results[date]['earnings'] += earnings
    return render(request, 'report.html', {
        'accounts': accounts,
        'results': sorted(results.items()),
    })

示例2：列出已选择账户的数据

def account_report(request):
    data = get_report_data(request)
    rows = []
    for row in data['rows']:
        date = row['cells'][0]['value']
        earnings = float(row['cells'][1]['value'])
        clicks = int(row['cells'][2]['value'])
        rows.append({
            'date': date,
            'earnings': earnings,
            'clicks': clicks,
        })
    return render(request, 'account_report.html', {
        'rows': rows,
    })

这些示例仅是使用Google Adsense API的几个可能性之一。可以使用Django框架构建更多更复杂的应用程序来呈现详细的报表和数据视图。

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