Python实现图书借阅管理系统

1. 系统概述

本系统是基于Python语言实现的，用于管理图书借阅流程的软件。系统包括以下三个模块：

1. 图书管理模块：用于管理图书信息，包括书名、作者、出版社等
2. 读者管理模块：用于管理读者信息，包括姓名、性别、年龄等
3. 借阅管理模块：用于管理借阅流程，包括借出图书、归还图书等

2. 实现过程

2.1 数据库设计

在开发系统前，我们需要设计数据库存储图书和读者信息，使用SQLite数据库进行存储。下面是数据库的结构设计：

-- 图书表
CREATE TABLE book (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    title TEXT NOT NULL,
    author TEXT NOT NULL,
    press TEXT NOT NULL,
    total INTEGER NOT NULL,
    stock INTEGER NOT NULL
);

-- 读者表
CREATE TABLE reader (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    gender TEXT NOT NULL,
    age INTEGER NOT NULL,
    phone TEXT NOT NULL
);

-- 借阅表
CREATE TABLE borrow (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    book_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
    reader_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
    borrow_date TEXT NOT NULL,
    return_date TEXT NOT NULL,
    FOREIGN KEY(book_id) REFERENCES book(id),
    FOREIGN KEY(reader_id) REFERENCES reader(id)
);

2.2 实现模块

2.2.1 图书管理模块

图书管理模块包括添加图书、删除图书、修改图书和查询图书信息等功能。

添加图书的实现：

def add_book(title, author, press, total):
    stock = total
    conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('INSERT INTO book(title, author, press, total, stock) \
                 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', (title, author, press, total, stock))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    print('Add book successfully!')

删除图书的实现：

def delete_book(book_id):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('DELETE FROM book WHERE id=?', (book_id,))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    print('Delete book successfully!')

2.2.2 读者管理模块

读者管理模块包括添加读者、删除读者、修改读者和查询读者信息等功能。

添加读者的实现：

def add_reader(name, gender, age, phone):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('INSERT INTO reader(name, gender, age, phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)', (name, gender, age, phone))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    print('Add reader successfully!')

修改读者的实现：

def update_reader(reader_id, name, gender, age, phone):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('UPDATE reader SET name=?, gender=?, age=?, phone=? WHERE id=?', (name, gender, age, phone, reader_id))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    print('Update reader successfully!')

2.2.3 借阅管理模块

借阅管理模块包括借出图书、归还图书和查询借阅记录等功能。

借出图书的实现：

def borrow_book(book_id, reader_id, borrow_date):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('SELECT stock FROM book WHERE id=?', (book_id,))
    stock = cur.fetchone()[0]
    if stock == 0:
        print('The book is out of stock!')
    else:
        cur.execute('UPDATE book SET stock=? WHERE id=?', (stock - 1, book_id))
        cur.execute('INSERT INTO borrow(book_id, reader_id, borrow_date, return_date) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)',
                    (book_id, reader_id, borrow_date, ''))
        conn.commit()
        print('Borrow book successfully!')
    conn.close()

归还图书的实现：

def return_book(borrow_id, return_date):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute('SELECT book_id FROM borrow WHERE id=?', (borrow_id,))
    book_id = cur.fetchone()[0]
    cur.execute('SELECT stock FROM book WHERE id=?', (book_id,))
    stock = cur.fetchone()[0]
    cur.execute('UPDATE book SET stock=? WHERE id=?', (stock + 1, book_id))
    cur.execute('UPDATE borrow SET return_date=? WHERE id=?', (return_date, borrow_id))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    print('Return book successfully!')

2.3 示例说明

2.3.1 添加图书和查询图书

# 添加图书
add_book('Python从入门到精通', '张三', '清华大学出版社', 100)

# 查询图书
conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('SELECT * FROM book')
row = cur.fetchall()
for book in row:
    print(f'{book[1]}, {book[2]}, {book[3]}, 库存:{book[5]}本')
conn.close()

2.3.2 借出图书和归还图书

# 借出图书
borrow_book(1, 1, '2021-03-01')

# 查询借阅记录
conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('SELECT borrow.id, book.title, reader.name, borrow.borrow_date, borrow.return_date \
             FROM borrow INNER JOIN book ON borrow.book_id=book.id \
             INNER JOIN reader ON borrow.reader_id=reader.id')
row = cur.fetchall()
for borrow in row:
    print(f'{borrow[0]}, {borrow[1]}, {borrow[2]}, 借出日期:{borrow[3]}')
conn.close()

# 归还图书
return_book(1, '2021-03-05')

# 查询借阅记录
conn = sqlite3.connect('library.db')
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('SELECT borrow.id, book.title, reader.name, borrow.borrow_date, borrow.return_date \
             FROM borrow INNER JOIN book ON borrow.book_id=book.id \
             INNER JOIN reader ON borrow.reader_id=reader.id')
row = cur.fetchall()
for borrow in row:
    print(f'{borrow[0]}, {borrow[1]}, {borrow[2]}, 借出日期:{borrow[3]}, 归还日期:{borrow[4]}')
conn.close()

3. 总结

本系统实现了基本的图书借阅管理功能，涉及到的知识点包括SQLite数据库操作和Python函数实现。在实现过程中，我们需要仔细设计数据库结构，同时编写代码时也需要注意异常处理。