Python基础详解之邮件处理

简介

本篇文章主要介绍如何使用Python处理邮件，包括邮件的发送和接收，以及邮件的解析和处理。为了更好地理解，我们将分别从三个方面来阐述：

1. 发送邮件
2. 接收邮件
3. 解析和处理邮件

发送邮件

发送邮件是指通过Python向收件人发送邮件的过程。Python中有多种发送邮件的方式，此处我们介绍使用smtplib库实现发送邮件。

示例1：使用smtplib发送邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
sender = '[e-mail]'
receiver = '[e-mail]'
subject = 'Python发送邮件示例'
body = '这是一封Python发送的邮件'

msg = MIMEText(body, 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = Header(sender, 'utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header(receiver, 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, 465)
smtpObj.login(sender, 'your_email_password')
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, [receiver], msg.as_string())
smtpObj.quit()

接收邮件

接收邮件是指通过Python从邮件服务器获取邮件的过程。Python中有许多库可以用于接收邮件，本文介绍使用poplib库。

示例2：使用poplib接收邮件

import poplib
from email.parser import Parser

pop3_server = 'pop.qq.com'
username = '[e-mail]'
password = 'your_email_password'

server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop3_server)
server.user(username)
server.pass_(password)
resp, mails, octets = server.list()
index = len(mails)
resp, lines, octets = server.retr(index)
msg_content = b'\r\n'.join(lines).decode('utf-8')
msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)

print(f'Subject: {msg["Subject"]}')
print(f'From: {msg["From"]}')
print(f'To: {msg["To"]}')
for part in msg.walk():
    if not part.is_multipart():
        body = part.get_payload(decode=True)
        print(body.decode('utf-8'))
server.quit()

解析和处理邮件

当我们从邮件服务器获取到邮件时，我们可能需要对邮件进行一些处理，例如解析邮件内容、提取附件等。

示例3：解析邮件内容

import email
import os

mail_path = 'example.eml'
with open(mail_path, 'rb') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
msg_content = b''.join(lines).decode('utf-8')
msg = email.message_from_string(msg_content)

print(f'Subject: {msg["Subject"]}')
print(f'From: {msg["From"]}')
print(f'To: {msg["To"]}')
for part in msg.walk():
    if not part.is_multipart():
        body = part.get_payload(decode=True)
        print(body.decode('utf-8'))

# 提取附件
for part in msg.walk():
    if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':
        continue
    if part.get('Content-Disposition') is None:
        continue
    filename = part.get_filename()
    if not filename:
        continue
    if not os.path.exists('./attachment'):
        os.makedirs('./attachment')
    filepath = os.path.join('./attachment', filename)
    with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(part.get_payload(decode=True))

总结

至此，我们介绍了如何使用Python进行邮件处理。发送邮件使用smtplib库，接收邮件使用poplib库，邮件解析和处理则使用email库。希望本文能为大家解决邮件处理问题，也欢迎大家围观我的博客：www.example.com。