下面我将详细讲解“Three.js+React制作3D梦中海岛效果”的完整攻略。

简介

Three.js是一款JavaScript 3D库，它可以为我们简化3D场景的创建和管理。React是一款流行的JavaScript库，它可以让我们更容易地构建用户界面。将这两个库结合起来，我们可以更加高效的创建3D界面。

在本攻略中，我们将使用Three.js和React，来制作3D梦中海岛效果。

安装和配置

首先，我们需要创建一个React项目，并安装Three.js库。

安装React

npx create-react-app my-app
cd my-app
npm start

安装Three.js

npm install three

创建3D场景

创建一个包含3D场景的React组件，并添加到React应用中。我们可以在componentDidMount方法中创建3D场景。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import * as THREE from 'three';

class ThreeScene extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
    document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
    this.animate(scene, camera, renderer);
  }

  animate = (scene, camera, renderer) => {
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate(scene, camera, renderer));
  }

  render() {
    return <div />;
  }
}

export default ThreeScene;

通过上述代码，我们创建了一个基本的3D场景，其中包含了相机、渲染器和动画帧。在animate函数中，我们通过renderer.render方法将场景渲染到屏幕上，并通过requestAnimationFrame方法来循环执行动画帧。

添加地形

添加一个地形到3D场景中，可以实现海岛的效果。我们可以使用一个高度图来简化地形的创建，通过纹理加载高度图，使用PlaneGeometry创建一个平面地形，并在其中添加顶点坐标来创建地形高度。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import * as THREE from 'three';
import heightMap from './heightMap.png';

class ThreeScene extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
    document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
    const plane = this.createPlane();
    scene.add(plane);
    this.animate(scene, camera, renderer);
  }

  createPlane = () => {
    const heightMapTexture = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(heightMap);
    heightMapTexture.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    heightMapTexture.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10, 100, 100);
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: heightMapTexture });
    const plane = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    plane.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return plane;
  }

  animate = (scene, camera, renderer) => {
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate(scene, camera, renderer));
  }

  render() {
    return <div />;
  }
}

export default ThreeScene;

在上述代码中，我们通过TextureLoader加载了高度图，并创建了一个PlaneGeometry，将高度图的纹理添加到MeshBasicMaterial中，并创建了一个平面地形。在createPlane函数中，我们还将平面地形旋转了-90度，使其水平放置。

添加水

为了让海岛更加真实，我们还需要将水添加到场景中。我们可以使用ShaderMaterial来实现水面的效果，并通过纹理动画来模拟水波的动画效果。

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import * as THREE from 'three';
import heightMap from './heightMap.png';
import waterTexture from './water.png';
import vertexShader from './waterVS.glsl';
import fragmentShader from './waterFS.glsl';

const waterWidth = 10;
const waterHeight = 10;
const waterSegments = 100;

class ThreeScene extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
    document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
    const plane = this.createPlane();
    scene.add(plane);
    const water = this.createWater();
    scene.add(water);
    this.animate(scene, camera, renderer);
  }

  createPlane = () => {
    const heightMapTexture = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(heightMap);
    heightMapTexture.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    heightMapTexture.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(waterWidth, waterHeight, waterSegments, waterSegments);
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: heightMapTexture });
    const plane = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    plane.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return plane;
  }

  createWater = () => {
    const waterTextureMap = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(waterTexture);
    waterTextureMap.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    waterTextureMap.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const uniforms = {
      uTime: { type: 'f', value: 0.0 },
      uTexture: { type: 't', value: waterTextureMap },
    };
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(waterWidth, waterHeight, waterSegments, waterSegments);
    const material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
      uniforms: uniforms,
      vertexShader: vertexShader,
      fragmentShader: fragmentShader,
    });
    const water = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    water.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return water;
  }

  animate = (scene, camera, renderer) => {
    const water = scene.children.find(c => c.name === 'water');
    water.material.uniforms.uTime.value += 0.1;
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate(scene, camera, renderer));
  }

  render() {
    return <div />;
  }
}

export default ThreeScene;

在上述代码中，我们使用ShaderMaterial实现了水面的效果。我们在createWater函数中，创建了一个平面几何体，并添加了ShaderMaterial。在animate函数中，我们更新了水的时间，通过requestAnimationFrame循环控制了水的动画。

到此为止，我们就成功地创建了一个3D梦中海岛的效果。

示例说明

下面以两个示例说明本攻略中的代码：

示例1：添加钓鱼功能

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import * as THREE from 'three';
import heightMap from './heightMap.png';
import waterTexture from './water.png';
import vertexShader from './waterVS.glsl';
import fragmentShader from './waterFS.glsl';

const waterWidth = 10;
const waterHeight = 10;
const waterSegments = 100;

class ThreeScene extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
    document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
    const plane = this.createPlane();
    scene.add(plane);
    const water = this.createWater();
    scene.add(water);
    const fish = this.createFish();
    scene.add(fish);
    this.animate(scene, camera, renderer, fish);
  }

  createPlane = () => {
    const heightMapTexture = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(heightMap);
    heightMapTexture.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    heightMapTexture.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(waterWidth, waterHeight, waterSegments, waterSegments);
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: heightMapTexture });
    const plane = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    plane.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return plane;
  }

  createWater = () => {
    const waterTextureMap = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(waterTexture);
    waterTextureMap.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    waterTextureMap.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const uniforms = {
      uTime: { type: 'f', value: 0.0 },
      uTexture: { type: 't', value: waterTextureMap },
    };
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(waterWidth, waterHeight, waterSegments, waterSegments);
    const material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
      uniforms: uniforms,
      vertexShader: vertexShader,
      fragmentShader: fragmentShader,
    });
    const water = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    water.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return water;
  }

  createFish = () => {
    const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
    const fish = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    fish.position.set(0, 0.2, 0);
    return fish;
  }

  animate = (scene, camera, renderer, fish) => {
    const water = scene.children.find(c => c.name === 'water');
    water.material.uniforms.uTime.value += 0.1;
    fish.position.z += 0.01;
    if (fish.position.z > waterWidth / 2) {
      fish.position.z = -waterWidth / 2;
      fish.position.x = Math.random() * waterWidth - waterWidth / 2;
    }
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate(scene, camera, renderer, fish));
  }

  render() {
    return <div />;
  }
}

export default ThreeScene;

上述代码中，我们为场景中的鱼添加了钓鱼功能。我们在createFish函数中，创建了一个绿色的立方体，将鱼的初始位置设置为(0,0.2,0)。在animate函数中，每一次循环都将鱼的z轴坐标增加0.01，当鱼的z轴坐标超出了场景可见范围时，重新将它放在场景左侧随机的位置(x轴坐标)，并让其继续向前游。

示例2：添加天空盒

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import * as THREE from 'three';
import heightMap from './heightMap.png';
import waterTexture from './water.png';
import skyboxTexture from './skybox.jpg';
import vertexShader from './waterVS.glsl';
import fragmentShader from './waterFS.glsl';

const waterWidth = 10;
const waterHeight = 10;
const waterSegments = 100;

class ThreeScene extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
    document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
    const plane = this.createPlane();
    scene.add(plane);
    const water = this.createWater();
    scene.add(water);
    const skybox = this.createSkybox();
    scene.add(skybox);
    this.animate(scene, camera, renderer);
  }

  createPlane = () => {
    const heightMapTexture = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(heightMap);
    heightMapTexture.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    heightMapTexture.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(waterWidth, waterHeight, waterSegments, waterSegments);
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: heightMapTexture });
    const plane = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    plane.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return plane;
  }

  createWater = () => {
    const waterTextureMap = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(waterTexture);
    waterTextureMap.wrapS = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    waterTextureMap.wrapT = THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
    const uniforms = {
      uTime: { type: 'f', value: 0.0 },
      uTexture: { type: 't', value: waterTextureMap },
    };
    const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(waterWidth, waterHeight, waterSegments, waterSegments);
    const material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
      uniforms: uniforms,
      vertexShader: vertexShader,
      fragmentShader: fragmentShader,
    });
    const water = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    water.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
    return water;
  }

  createSkybox = () => {
    const skyboxTextureMap = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(skyboxTexture);
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: skyboxTextureMap, side: THREE.BackSide });
    const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1000, 1000, 1000);
    const skybox = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    return skybox;
  }

  animate = (scene, camera, renderer) => {
    const water = scene.children.find(c => c.name === 'water');
    water.material.uniforms.uTime.value += 0.1;
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
    requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate(scene, camera, renderer));
  }

  render() {
    return <div />;
  }
}

export default ThreeScene;

上述代码中，我们为场景添加了天空盒。我们在createSkybox函数中，使用一张天空盒的纹理，创建了一个立方体，其中side参数设置为THREE.BackSide，这样立方体就能够被看成是一个天空盒。在animate函数中，我们不需要更新天空盒的位置信息，只需要渲染场景即可。

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Three.js+React制作3D梦中海岛效果

简介