下面就来讲解“使用Node.js实现Clean Architecture方法示例详解”的完整攻略。
Clean Architecture概述
Clean Architecture是一种软件设计理念,其核心思想是将业务逻辑和技术细节分离,让软件更加灵活和易于维护。Clean Architecture包含以下几个核心组件:
- 实体(Entity)
- 用例(Use Case)
- 接口适配器(Interface Adapters)
- 主要驱动程序(Primary Driver)
其中,实体是包含业务逻辑的最核心组件,用例是实现具体业务场景的组件,接口适配器是连接其他组件的组件,主要驱动程序是整个系统的入口。
使用Node.js实现Clean Architecture
下面我们将使用Node.js来实现Clean Architecture。为了简化示例,我们假设我们需要实现一个简单的博客系统,包含以下几个基本功能:
- 发布文章
- 查看文章列表
- 查看具体文章信息
实现实体组件
我们可以将文章定义为实体组件,存放在entities
目录下:
// entities/Article.js
class Article {
constructor(id, title, content, createdAt) {
this.id = id;
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
this.createdAt = createdAt;
}
}
module.exports = Article;
实现用例组件
我们可以将发布文章、查看文章列表、查看具体文章信息等功能定义为用例组件,存放在use-cases
目录下:
// use-cases/CreateArticle.js
class CreateArticle {
constructor(articleRepository) {
this.articleRepository = articleRepository;
}
async execute(article) {
return this.articleRepository.create(article);
}
}
// use-cases/GetAllArticles.js
class GetAllArticles {
constructor(articleRepository) {
this.articleRepository = articleRepository;
}
async execute() {
return this.articleRepository.getAll();
}
}
// use-cases/GetArticle.js
class GetArticle {
constructor(articleRepository) {
this.articleRepository = articleRepository;
}
async execute(articleId) {
return this.articleRepository.get(articleId);
}
}
module.exports = {
CreateArticle,
GetAllArticles,
GetArticle,
};
实现接口适配器组件
我们可以使用Express框架来实现接口适配器组件,存放在interfaces
目录下:
// interfaces/http/ArticleController.js
const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
function createArticleController(createArticleUseCase) {
return async (req, res, next) => {
try {
const { title, content } = req.body;
const article = await createArticleUseCase.execute({
title,
content,
});
res.json(article);
} catch (err) {
next(err);
}
};
}
function getAllArticlesController(getAllArticlesUseCase) {
return async (req, res, next) => {
try {
const articles = await getAllArticlesUseCase.execute();
res.json(articles);
} catch (err) {
next(err);
}
};
}
function getArticleController(getArticleUseCase) {
return async (req, res, next) => {
try {
const { articleId } = req.params;
const article = await getArticleUseCase.execute(articleId);
res.json(article);
} catch (err) {
next(err);
}
};
}
function setupArticleController(articleRouter, {
createArticleUseCase,
getAllArticlesUseCase,
getArticleUseCase,
}) {
router.post('/articles', createArticleController(createArticleUseCase));
router.get('/articles', getAllArticlesController(getAllArticlesUseCase));
router.get('/articles/:articleId', getArticleController(getArticleUseCase));
articleRouter.use('/api', router);
}
module.exports = {
createArticleController,
getAllArticlesController,
getArticleController,
setupArticleController,
};
实现主要驱动程序
主要驱动程序可以作为系统的入口,存放在app.js
文件中:
// app.js
const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const { setupArticleController } = require('./interfaces/http/ArticleController');
const {
CreateArticle,
GetAllArticles,
GetArticle,
} = require('./use-cases');
const ArticleRepositoryMongoDB = require('./repositories/mongodb/ArticleRepositoryMongoDB');
const Article = require('./entities/Article');
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.json());
const MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/myapp';
mongoose.connect(MONGODB_URI, {
useNewUrlParser: true,
useUnifiedTopology: true,
});
const articleRepository = new ArticleRepositoryMongoDB(Article);
const createArticle = new CreateArticle(articleRepository);
const getAllArticles = new GetAllArticles(articleRepository);
const getArticle = new GetArticle(articleRepository);
setupArticleController(app, {
createArticleUseCase: createArticle,
getAllArticlesUseCase: getAllArticles,
getArticleUseCase: getArticle,
});
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
console.error(err.stack);
res.status(500).send(err.message);
});
const server = app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log(`Listening on port ${server.address().port}`);
});
示例说明
示例一:发布文章
我们可以使用Postman来测试发布文章的接口,方法是向/api/articles
发送POST请求,请求body中包含文章标题title和文章内容content,如下面的示例:
请求方式:POST
请求URL:http://localhost:3000/api/articles
请求Body:
{
"title": "Hello World",
"content": "This is my first blog post."
}
响应结果:
{
"_id": "607b6cee3d30188ec72ae12a",
"title": "Hello World",
"content": "This is my first blog post.",
"createdAt": "2021-04-17T07:01:42.652Z",
"__v": 0
}
示例二:查看文章列表
我们可以使用Postman来测试查看文章列表的接口,方法是向/api/articles
发送GET请求,如下面的示例:
请求方式:GET
请求URL:http://localhost:3000/api/articles
响应结果:
[
{
"_id": "607b6cee3d30188ec72ae12a",
"title": "Hello World",
"content": "This is my first blog post.",
"createdAt": "2021-04-17T07:01:42.652Z",
"__v": 0
}
]
到这里,我们已经演示了如何使用Node.js实现Clean Architecture方法。当然,Clean Architecture还有更加丰富和复杂的内容,包括依赖倒置原则、接口隔离原则、单一职责原则等,感兴趣的读者可以继续深入学习。
本站文章如无特殊说明,均为本站原创,如若转载,请注明出处:使用Node.js实现Clean Architecture方法示例详解 - Python技术站