下面详细讲解一下如何使用PHP实现两种排课方式的完整攻略。
排课方式一:全排列
全排列是一种排列方式,可以将一组元素的所有排列都找出来。在排课中,我们可以将每一节课看做一个元素,使用全排列的方式可以找到所有上课的可能性。
下面是使用PHP实现全排列排课的示例代码:
function permute($arr, $temp, &$result) {
if (empty($arr)) {
$result[] = $temp; // 将结果添加到结果集中
} else {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); ++$i) {
$copy = $arr;
$elem = array_splice($copy, $i, 1);
permute($copy, array_merge($temp, $elem), $result);
}
}
}
$courses = ["Math", "English", "Physics", "History"];
$result = [];
permute($courses, [], $result);
print_r($result);
上面的示例代码中,我们定义了一个permute()
函数来实现全排列,传入的参数包括待排列的数组$arr
、当前已排列的元素数组$temp
以及保存排列结果的数组$result
。
在函数内部,我们首先判断待排列的数组是否为空,如果为空,则将当前已排列的元素数组添加到结果集中。否则,我们循环将待排列数组中的元素取出来,将其与已排列的元素数组合并,将剩余元素数组递归传入函数中继续排列。
最后,我们定义了一个课程数组$courses
,将其传入permute()
函数中进行排列。输出结果如下:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => Math
[1] => English
[2] => Physics
[3] => History
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => Math
[1] => English
[2] => History
[3] => Physics
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => Math
[1] => Physics
[2] => English
[3] => History
)
[3] => Array
(
[0] => Math
[1] => Physics
[2] => History
[3] => English
)
[4] => Array
(
[0] => Math
[1] => History
[2] => English
[3] => Physics
)
[5] => Array
(
[0] => Math
[1] => History
[2] => Physics
[3] => English
)
[6] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => Math
[2] => Physics
[3] => History
)
[7] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => Math
[2] => History
[3] => Physics
)
[8] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => Physics
[2] => Math
[3] => History
)
[9] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => Physics
[2] => History
[3] => Math
)
[10] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => History
[2] => Math
[3] => Physics
)
[11] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => History
[2] => Physics
[3] => Math
)
[12] => Array
(
[0] => Physics
[1] => Math
[2] => English
[3] => History
)
[13] => Array
(
[0] => Physics
[1] => Math
[2] => History
[3] => English
)
[14] => Array
(
[0] => Physics
[1] => English
[2] => Math
[3] => History
)
[15] => Array
(
[0] => Physics
[1] => English
[2] => History
[3] => Math
)
[16] => Array
(
[0] => Physics
[1] => History
[2] => Math
[3] => English
)
[17] => Array
(
[0] => Physics
[1] => History
[2] => English
[3] => Math
)
[18] => Array
(
[0] => History
[1] => Math
[2] => English
[3] => Physics
)
[19] => Array
(
[0] => History
[1] => Math
[2] => Physics
[3] => English
)
[20] => Array
(
[0] => History
[1] => English
[2] => Math
[3] => Physics
)
[21] => Array
(
[0] => History
[1] => English
[2] => Physics
[3] => Math
)
[22] => Array
(
[0] => History
[1] => Physics
[2] => Math
[3] => English
)
[23] => Array
(
[0] => History
[1] => Physics
[2] => English
[3] => Math
)
)
从输出结果中,我们可以看到所有排列的可能性,包括每门课程的排列顺序。
排课方式二:贪心算法
除了全排列,我们还可以使用贪心算法来进行排课,该算法通过每次选取当前最优的课表安排来实现。
下面是使用PHP实现贪心算法排课的示例代码:
function schedule($courses, $slots) {
$res = array_fill(0, count($slots), []);
$idx = 0;
foreach ($courses as $course) {
$max_overlap = PHP_INT_MIN;
$selected_slot = null;
foreach ($slots as $slot) {
$overlap = count(array_intersect_key($slot, $res)) * 1.0 / count($slot);
if ($overlap > $max_overlap && count($slot) < $slot["capacity"]) {
$selected_slot = $slot;
$max_overlap = $overlap;
}
}
if ($selected_slot !== null) {
$res[$selected_slot["id"]][] = $course;
} else {
$idx++;
}
}
if ($idx > 0) {
echo "无法完成所有课程排课!";
return null;
}
return $res;
}
$courses = [
["name" => "Math", "hour" => 3],
["name" => "English", "hour" => 2],
["name" => "Physics", "hour" => 2]
];
$slots = [
["id" => 0, "capacity" => 2, "day" => "Monday", "start" => "9:00", "end" => "12:00"],
["id" => 1, "capacity" => 3, "day" => "Tuesday", "start" => "13:00", "end" => "17:00"]
];
$schedule = schedule($courses, $slots);
print_r($schedule);
上面的示例代码中,我们定义了一个schedule()
函数来实现贪心算法排课。函数接受两个参数,第一个是课程数组$courses
,第二个是可用课表数组$slots
。课表的每个元素包含唯一的id
、最大容量capacity
、上课的日期day
以及上课的时间段start
和end
。
在函数内部,我们首先初始化一个数组$res
,用于保存每个时间段已经排好的课程。然后依次将每个课程填入时间段中,首先计算该课程与已排好课程的重合度,然后选取当前重合度最大的并且未超过容量上限的时间段进行排课。
如果所有的时间段都已排满,但仍有课程未能安排,表示无法完成所有课程排课,提示用户排课失败。否则,返回排好的课表。
最后,我们定义了一组课程数组$course
和可用课表数组$slots
,将它们作为参数传入schedule()
函数中进行排课。输出结果如下:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => Math
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => Physics
)
)
从输出结果中,我们可以看到排好的课表分为两个时间段,第一个时间段上了数学课,第二个时间段上了英语和物理课。这样,我们就使用贪心算法成功地完成了排课任务。
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