使用Python的Tornado框架实现一个简单的WebQQ机器人

下面我会详细讲解使用Python的Tornado框架实现一个简单的WebQQ机器人的完整攻略。

1. 准备工作

首先，你需要申请QQ机器人账号、安装Python语言环境及Tornado框架。

2. 获取QQ机器人的cookie和ptwebqq

在Python代码中通过模拟浏览器登录QQ账号，然后从登录后的cookie和ptwebqq中获取QQ机器人的cookie和ptwebqq。获取cookie和ptwebqq的代码如下所示。

import requests
from requests.utils import cookiejar_from_dict
from urllib.parse import urlencode

# 模拟登录QQ账号并获取Cookie和ptwebqq
def login(qq, password):
    url = 'https://xui.ptlogin2.qq.com/cgi-bin/xlogin'
    params = {
        'appid': 1003903,
        's_url': 'https://im.qq.com',
        'f_url': 'loginerroralert',
        'low_login': 1,
        'hln_css': 'https://ui.ptlogin2.qq.com/style/26/qq_login.css',
        'hln_color': '000000',
        'no_verifyimg': 1,
        'mibao_css': 'https://ui.ptlogin2.qq.com/style/26/mb_save.css',
        'aid': 1003903,
        'u1': 'https://im.qq.com',
        'u2': 'https://im.qq.com/cgi-bin/readtemplate?t=login',
        'u3': 'https://web2.qq.com/loginproxy.html',
        'u4': 'https://ui.ptlogin2.qq.com/cgi-bin/login',
        'login_redirect': 1,
        'pt_locale': '2052',
    }
    cookies = requests.get(url + '?' + urlencode(params)).cookies
    params['pt_tea'] = 2
    params['low_login_hour'] = 360
    params['u'] = qq
    params['p'] = password
    params['pt_rsa'] = 1
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:86.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/86.0',
        'Referer': 'https://xui.ptlogin2.qq.com/cgi-bin/xlogin?appid=1003903&s_url=https://im.qq.com&f_url=loginerroralert&pt_tea=2&low_login_hour=360&u1=https://im.qq.com&u2=https://im.qq.com/cgi-bin/readtemplate?t=login&u3=https://web2.qq.com/loginproxy.html&u4=https://ui.ptlogin2.qq.com/cgi-bin/login&login_redirect=1&pt_locale=2052',
    }
    response = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, allow_redirects=False)
    cookies.update(response.cookies)
    ptwebqq = ''
    for key, value in cookies.items():
        if key == 'ptwebqq':
            ptwebqq = value
            break
    return {'cookie': cookiejar_from_dict(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.history[0].cookies)), 'ptwebqq': ptwebqq[1:-1]}

3. 连接WebQQ服务

连接WebQQ服务需要使用前面获取到的cookie和ptwebqq。连接WebQQ服务的代码如下所示。

import requests
import json

# 连接WebQQ服务
def connect(cookie, ptwebqq):
    url = 'https://s.web2.qq.com/api/login/qrcode/qrcode'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:86.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/86.0',
        'Referer': 'https://s.web2.qq.com/proxy.html?v=20210311001&callback=1&id=1',
        'Origin': 'https://s.web2.qq.com',
        'Host': 's.web2.qq.com',
    }
    cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(cookie)
    cookies['ptwebqq'] = ptwebqq
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    if result['retcode'] != 0:
        print('Error:', result['errmsg'])
    else:
        print('登录成功！')

4. 实现WebQQ机器人

实现WebQQ机器人需要使用Tornado框架。机器人的核心代码如下所示。

import requests
import json
from tornado.web import RequestHandler, Application
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop


class WebQQBot(RequestHandler):

    def get(self):
        url = 'https://s.web2.qq.com/api/get_self_info2'
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:86.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/86.0',
            'Referer': 'https://s.web2.qq.com/proxy.html?v=20210311001&callback=1&id=1',
            'Origin': 'https://s.web2.qq.com',
            'Host': 's.web2.qq.com',
        }
        cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.application.settings['cookie'])
        cookies['ptwebqq'] = self.application.settings['ptwebqq']
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies)
        result = json.loads(response.text)
        if result['retcode'] != 0:
            self.write('获取个人信息失败：' + result['errmsg'])
        else:
            self.write('我的QQ号是：' + str(result['result']['uin']))

    def post(self):
        msg = self.get_argument('msg')
        url = 'https://s.web2.qq.com/api/get_friend_uin2'
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:86.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/86.0',
            'Referer': 'https://s.web2.qq.com/proxy.html?v=20210311001&callback=1&id=1',
            'Origin': 'https://s.web2.qq.com',
            'Host': 's.web2.qq.com',
        }
        cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.application.settings['cookie'])
        cookies['ptwebqq'] = self.application.settings['ptwebqq']
        params = {
            'type': 1,
            'content': '["%s",["font",{"name":"宋体","size":10,"style":[0,0,0],"color":"000000"}]]' % msg
        }
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, params=params)
        result = json.loads(response.text)
        if result['retcode'] != 0:
            self.write('获取好友信息失败：' + result['errmsg'])
        else:
            qq = result['result']['uin']
            url = 'https://s.web2.qq.com/api/send_private_msg2'
            cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.application.settings['cookie'])
            cookies['ptwebqq'] = self.application.settings['ptwebqq']
            params = {
                'to': qq,
                'face': 0,
                'content': '["%s",["font",{"name":"宋体","size":10,"style":[0,0,0],"color":"000000"}]]' % msg
            }
            response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=params)
            result = json.loads(response.text)
            if result['retcode'] != 0:
                self.write('发送消息失败：' + result['errmsg'])
            else:
                self.write('回复消息成功！')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    qq = '' # 填写你的QQ号
    password = '' # 填写你的QQ密码
    login_result = login(qq, password)
    connect(login_result['cookie'], login_result['ptwebqq'])
    app = Application([
        ('/webqqbot', WebQQBot),
    ], cookie=login_result['cookie'], ptwebqq=login_result['ptwebqq'])
    app.listen(8000)
    print('WebQQ机器人已启动，监听端口：8000')
    IOLoop.current().start()

机器人的实现示例：

当机器人收到一条QQ消息时，它会将消息回复给QQ好友，并将消息内容在控制台上输出。

class WebQQBot(RequestHandler):

    def post(self):
        msg = self.get_argument('msg')
        # 此处省略获取好友QQ号的代码
        # ...
        url = 'https://s.web2.qq.com/api/send_private_msg2'
        cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.application.settings['cookie'])
        cookies['ptwebqq'] = self.application.settings['ptwebqq']
        params = {
            'to': str(qq),
            'face': 0,
            'content': '["%s",["font",{"name":"宋体","size":10,"style":[0,0,0],"color":"000000"}]]' % msg
        }
        response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, json=params)
        result = json.loads(response.text)
        if result['retcode'] != 0:
            print('发送消息失败：' + result['errmsg'])
        else:
            print('回复消息成功：' + msg)

5. 启动WebQQ机器人

运行机器人的主文件，启动监听器，并在命令行上显示机器人已经启动。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    qq = '' # 填写你的QQ号
    password = '' # 填写你的QQ密码
    login_result = login(qq, password)
    connect(login_result['cookie'], login_result['ptwebqq'])
    app = Application([
        ('/webqqbot', WebQQBot),
    ], cookie=login_result['cookie'], ptwebqq=login_result['ptwebqq'])
    app.listen(8000)
    print('WebQQ机器人已启动，监听端口：8000')
    IOLoop.current().start()

以上就是使用Python的Tornado框架实现一个简单的WebQQ机器人的完整攻略。

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