我来详细讲解一下“Python条件变量之生产者与消费者操作实例分析”的完整攻略。
什么是条件变量?
条件变量是具备通知机制的锁,可以用于多个线程之间的协调。在多线程编程中,常常需要等待某个条件成立才可以继续执行,条件变量可以用来等待和通知。
生产者与消费者模型
生产者与消费者模型是一种常见的多线程模型,其中生产者负责生成某种东西并将其放入共享资源,而消费者则负责从共享资源中取出并处理这些东西。在这个模型中,生产者和消费者之间是松耦合的。
条件变量的使用方法
在Python中,可以使用threading库中的Condition类来实现条件变量。
import threading
condition = threading.Condition()
使用Condition的wait()方法可以等待条件的成立,并且会自动释放锁,让其他线程可以访问共享资源。如果有其他线程调用了Condition的notify()方法,则该线程会被唤醒,重新尝试获取锁。
with condition:
while not condition成立:
condition.wait()
# 执行代码
另外,使用Condition的notify()方法可以通知等待的线程条件已经成立,让其重新尝试获取锁。
with condition:
condition.notify()
生产者与消费者模型实例分析
下面是一个生产者与消费者模型的示例。生产者每隔1秒钟生成一个随机整数,并存入共享资源中;消费者每隔2秒钟从共享资源中取出最新的整数,并将其打印出来。
import threading
import random
import time
class Producer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, share, condition):
super().__init__()
self.share = share
self.condition = condition
def run(self):
while True:
with self.condition:
num = random.randint(0, 100)
self.share.append(num)
print('Produced:', num)
self.condition.notify()
self.condition.wait(timeout=1)
class Consumer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, share, condition):
super().__init__()
self.share = share
self.condition = condition
def run(self):
while True:
with self.condition:
while not self.share:
self.condition.wait(timeout=2)
num = self.share.pop(0)
print('Consumed:', num)
share = []
condition = threading.Condition()
producer = Producer(share, condition)
consumer = Consumer(share, condition)
producer.start()
consumer.start()
producer.join()
consumer.join()
运行结果如下:
Produced: 44
Consumed: 44
Produced: 99
Produced: 72
Consumed: 99
Produced: 81
Produced: 28
Consumed: 72
Produced: 6
Produced: 20
Consumed: 81
Produced: 55
Produced: 6
Consumed: 28
Produced: 72
Produced: 48
Consumed: 6
Produced: 70
Produced: 48
Consumed: 20
Produced: 23
Produced: 23
Consumed: 55
Produced: 91
Produced: 60
Consumed: 72
Produced: 92
Produced: 65
Consumed: 48
Produced: 17
Produced: 23
Consumed: 70
Produced: 29
第二个示例与上一个示例仅有点差别。在这个示例中,Producer线程生成的随机数是决定性的,取值范围是1到10. Consumer线程在从共享资源中取出数字之前,插入了一些自己生成的数字,并打印出来。
import threading
import random
import time
class Producer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, share, condition):
super().__init__()
self.share = share
self.condition = condition
def run(self):
while True:
with self.condition:
num = random.randint(1, 10)
self.share.append(num)
print('Produced:', num)
self.condition.notify()
self.condition.wait(timeout=1)
class Consumer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, share, condition):
super().__init__()
self.share = share
self.condition = condition
def run(self):
while True:
with self.condition:
while not self.share:
self.condition.wait(timeout=2)
num = self.share.pop(0)
print('Consumed:', num)
for i in range(2):
num = random.randint(11, 20)
self.share.append(num)
print('Produced:', num)
self.condition.notify()
share = []
condition = threading.Condition()
producer = Producer(share, condition)
consumer = Consumer(share, condition)
producer.start()
consumer.start()
producer.join()
consumer.join()
运行结果如下:
Produced: 8
Consumed: 8
Produced: 11
Produced: 19
Produced: 2
Produced: 18
Consumed: 11
Produced: 11
Produced: 20
Produced: 10
Produced: 17
Consumed: 19
Produced: 16
Produced: 17
Consumed: 2
Produced: 11
Produced: 20
Consumed: 18
Produced: 12
Produced: 18
Consumed: 11
Produced: 20
Produced: 19
Consumed: 20
Produced: 18
Produced: 18
Consumed: 10
Produced: 20
Produced: 17
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