以下是详细讲解“Django中使用pillow实现登录验证码功能(带刷新验证码功能)”的完整攻略,包含两条示例说明:
1. 安装pillow库
在Django中使用pillow来生成验证码实现登录验证功能,首先需要安装pillow库。可以通过以下命令在终端中安装:
pip install pillow
2. 修改app.views.py文件
在app.views.py文件中添加生成验证码的函数generate_captcha()。
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import random, string
def generate_captcha():
# 随机生成字符串
captcha_text = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 4))
# 设置图片尺寸
img_size = (100, 30)
# 设置字体
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 28)
# 设置背景颜色
bg_color = (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
# 设置字体颜色
font_color = (255, 255, 255)
# 创建画布
img = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=img_size, color=bg_color)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
# 将验证码字符串写到画布上
draw.text((10, 0), captcha_text, font=font, fill=font_color)
# 噪点干扰
for i in range(random.randint(120,130)):
draw.point([random.randint(0,img_size[0]),random.randint(0,img_size[1])],fill=(0,0,0))
# 画框
draw.rectangle([1,1,img_size[0]-1,img_size[1]-1],outline=(255,255,255))
# 将生成的验证码图片保存
img.save('app/captcha.png', 'PNG')
# 返回验证码字符串
return captcha_text
3. 修改app.urls.py文件
在app.urls.py文件中,修改路径为/captcha/,视图调用函数为generate_captcha()。
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
path('captcha/', views.generate_captcha, name='captcha'),
]
4. 修改login.html文件
在login.html文件中,添加img标签和a标签用于刷新验证码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<label for="username">Username:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username"><br>
<label for="password">Password:</label><br>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password"><br>
<img src="{% url 'captcha' %}" id="captcha"><br>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="document.getElementById('captcha').src='{% url 'captcha' %}?'+Math.random()">刷新</a>
<br>
<label for="captcha_input">Captcha:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="captcha_input" name="captcha_input"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
5. 在views.py文件中添加login()函数
在views.py文件中添加login()函数用于验证用户输入的用户名、密码和验证码是否正确。
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
def login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST['username']
password = request.POST['password']
captcha_input = request.POST['captcha_input']
captcha_text = request.session.get('captcha_text')
user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
if user is not None and captcha_input.lower() == captcha_text.lower():
login(request, user)
return redirect('index')
else:
return redirect('login')
else:
captcha_text = generate_captcha()
request.session['captcha_text'] = captcha_text
return render(request, 'login.html', {'captcha_text': captcha_text})
示例一
假设我们有一个名为myapp的app,我们需要修改myapp中的views.py文件来生成验证码。
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from .models import Post
from .forms import PostForm
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import random, string
def generate_captcha():
# 随机生成字符串
captcha_text = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 4))
# 设置图片尺寸
img_size = (100, 30)
# 设置字体
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 28)
# 设置背景颜色
bg_color = (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
# 设置字体颜色
font_color = (255, 255, 255)
# 创建画布
img = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=img_size, color=bg_color)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
# 将验证码字符串写到画布上
draw.text((10, 0), captcha_text, font=font, fill=font_color)
# 噪点干扰
for i in range(random.randint(120,130)):
draw.point([random.randint(0,img_size[0]),random.randint(0,img_size[1])],fill=(0,0,0))
# 画框
draw.rectangle([1,1,img_size[0]-1,img_size[1]-1],outline=(255,255,255))
# 将生成的验证码图片保存
img.save('myapp/captcha.png', 'PNG')
# 返回验证码字符串
return captcha_text
def login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST['username']
password = request.POST['password']
captcha_input = request.POST['captcha_input']
captcha_text = request.session.get('captcha_text')
user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
if user is not None and captcha_input.lower() == captcha_text.lower():
login(request, user)
return redirect('index')
else:
return redirect('login')
else:
captcha_text = generate_captcha()
request.session['captcha_text'] = captcha_text
return render(request, 'login.html', {'captcha_text': captcha_text})
示例二
假设我们需要更改验证码图片的尺寸,可以修改generate_captcha()函数中的img_size变量。
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from .models import Post
from .forms import PostForm
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import random, string
def generate_captcha():
# 随机生成字符串
captcha_text = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 4))
# 设置图片尺寸 (200, 60)
img_size = (200, 60)
# 设置字体
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 36)
# 设置背景颜色
bg_color = (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
# 设置字体颜色
font_color = (255, 255, 255)
# 创建画布
img = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=img_size, color=bg_color)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
# 将验证码字符串写到画布上
draw.text((10, 0), captcha_text, font=font, fill=font_color)
# 噪点干扰
for i in range(random.randint(200, 210)):
draw.point([random.randint(0,img_size[0]),random.randint(0,img_size[1])],fill=(0,0,0))
# 画框
draw.rectangle([1,1,img_size[0]-1,img_size[1]-1],outline=(255,255,255))
# 将生成的验证码图片保存
img.save('myapp/captcha.png', 'PNG')
# 返回验证码字符串
return captcha_text
def login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST['username']
password = request.POST['password']
captcha_input = request.POST['captcha_input']
captcha_text = request.session.get('captcha_text')
user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
if user is not None and captcha_input.lower() == captcha_text.lower():
login(request, user)
return redirect('index')
else:
return redirect('login')
else:
captcha_text = generate_captcha()
request.session['captcha_text'] = captcha_text
return render(request, 'login.html', {'captcha_text': captcha_text})
这样我们就完成了Django中使用pillow实现登录验证码功能(带刷新验证码功能)的完整攻略。
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