Java 9 增加了 Reactive Stream 响应式编程 API,使得开发者能够更方便地实现响应式编程。本文将详细解释 Reactive Stream API 的用法,并提供示例代码来说明。
Reactive Stream 简介
Reactive Stream 是一种用于异步编程的编程模型,它能够处理大数据流和异步操作。Reactive Stream API 提供了用于处理数据流和异步操作的一组标准化接口。
Reactive Stream API 的核心接口如下:
- Publisher:数据流发布者接口,用于发布数据流;
- Subscriber:数据流订阅者接口,用于订阅数据流;
- Subscription:数据流订阅关系接口,用于管理订阅关系;
- Processor:数据流处理器接口,用于实现数据流的变换。
Reactive Stream 示例
下面的示例演示了如何使用 Reactive Stream API 来处理数据流:
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.Flow.*;
public class ReactiveStreamDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
SubmissionPublisher<String> publisher = new SubmissionPublisher<>(executorService, Flow.defaultBufferSize());
CustomSubscriber<String> subscriber = new CustomSubscriber<>();
publisher.subscribe(subscriber);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
publisher.submit("message " + i);
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
publisher.close();
}
static class CustomSubscriber<T> implements Subscriber<T> {
private Subscription subscription;
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Subscription subscription) {
this.subscription = subscription;
subscription.request(1);
}
@Override
public void onNext(T t) {
System.out.println("Received data: " + t);
subscription.request(1);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
System.out.println("Error: " + throwable.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
System.out.println("Completed");
}
}
}
在这个示例中,我们使用 SubmissionPublisher 来发布数据流,并在 CustomSubscriber 中订阅数据流。在 CustomSubscriber 中我们处理数据流,当新的数据流到来时,我们会打印出数据流的内容。当数据流结束时,我们会打印 Completed。
下面的示例演示了如何使用 Processor 接口来实现数据的变换:
import java.util.concurrent.Flow.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class DataProcessor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
SubmissionPublisher<String> publisher = new SubmissionPublisher<>(executorService, Flow.defaultBufferSize());
CustomSubscriber<String> subscriber = new CustomSubscriber<>();
CustomProcessor<String, String> processor = new CustomProcessor<>();
publisher.subscribe(processor);
processor.subscribe(subscriber);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
publisher.submit("message " + i);
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
publisher.close();
}
static class CustomProcessor<T1, T2> extends SubmissionPublisher<T2> implements Processor<T1, T2> {
private Subscription subscription;
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Subscription subscription) {
this.subscription = subscription;
subscription.request(1);
}
@Override
public void onNext(T1 t) {
String t2 = t.toString() + " processed";
System.out.println("Processed data: " + t2);
this.submit(t2);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
System.out.println("Error: " + throwable.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
System.out.println("Completed");
}
}
}
在这个示例中,我们创建了一个 CustomProcessor 类来实现数据的变换。当数据流到来时,我们将数据流处理成一个新的字符串,并将其提交到订阅这个 Processor 的 Subscriber 中。订阅关系如下所示:
publisher -> processor -> subscriber
总结
Reactive Stream 是一个用于异步编程的编程模型,它能够处理大数据流和异步操作。Reactive Stream API 提供了用于处理数据流和异步操作的一组标准化接口。在本文中,我们详细介绍了 Reactive Stream API 的用法,并提供了两个示例来说明如何使用。
本站文章如无特殊说明,均为本站原创,如若转载,请注明出处:java9新特性Reactive Stream响应式编程 API - Python技术站