k8s部署docker容器的实现是一项比较复杂的工作,需要一定的专业知识和技巧。下面我将为您详细介绍这个过程的完整攻略。
准备工作
在开始部署前,我们需要做一些准备工作:
- 安装docker和kubectl工具
# 安装docker
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker.io -y
# 配置docker镜像加速器
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
# 安装kubectl
curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x ./kubectl
sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
- 配置kubernetes环境
# 安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl
# 具体版本根据个人需求来定
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
# 启动kubernetes集群
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
# 配置kubectl
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 安装网络插件
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
- 部署kubernetes dashboard(可选)
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
部署docker容器
编写deployment.yaml
我们可以通过编写deployment.yaml文件来描述我们需要部署的docker容器,下面是一个示例:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web
labels:
app: web
spec:
replicas: 3 # 副本数
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
spec:
containers:
- name: web
image: nginx # docker镜像
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
- name: html
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html # 挂载目录
volumes:
- name: html
configMap:
name: web-html # 配置文件名
创建configmap
我们需要通过创建configmap,将我们的容器所需的配置文件传递到容器内。这里我们示范传递一个index.html文件。
echo "<html><body><h1>Hello, World!</h1></body></html>" > index.html
kubectl create configmap web-html --from-file=index.html
部署deployment
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
部署后检查
kubectl get deployments
kubectl get pods
kubectl describe deployment web
kubectl describe pod <pod-name>
kubectl port-forward <pod-name> 8080:80 # 将本地8080端口转发到容器的80端口上
示例1:部署一个Flask应用
编写Dockerfile
我们可以通过编写Dockerfile文件来描述如何构建出我们需要部署的Flask应用,下面是一个示例:
FROM python:3
RUN mkdir -p /app
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt /app/
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app/
EXPOSE 5000
CMD ["python", "app.py"]
编写deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: flask-app
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flask-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: flask-app
spec:
containers:
- name: flask-app
image: flask-app # 镜像名
imagePullPolicy: Never # 不从镜像仓库拉取镜像
ports:
- containerPort: 5000
volumeMounts:
- name: app-volume
mountPath: /app
volumes:
- name: app-volume
configMap:
name: flask-app-config
创建configmap
我们需要通过创建configmap,将我们的容器所需的index.html文件传递到容器内。
echo "Hello, Flask!" > hello.txt
kubectl create configmap flask-app-config --from-file=hello.txt
部署deployment
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
部署后检查
kubectl get deployments
kubectl get pods
kubectl describe deployment flask-app
kubectl describe pod <pod-name>
kubectl port-forward <pod-name> 8080:5000
示例2:部署一个基于Node.js的Web应用
编写Dockerfile
我们可以通过编写Dockerfile文件来描述如何构建出我们需要部署的Node.js应用,下面是一个示例:
FROM node:10
RUN mkdir -p /app
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json /app/
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["npm", "start"]
编写deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: node-web
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: node-web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: node-web
spec:
containers:
- name: node-web
image: node-web # 镜像名
imagePullPolicy: Never # 不从镜像仓库拉取镜像
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
volumeMounts:
- name: app-volume
mountPath: /app
volumes:
- name: app-volume
configMap:
name: node-web-config
创建configmap
我们需要通过创建configmap,将我们的容器所需的package.json和app.js文件传递到容器内。
echo "{
\"name\": \"node-web\",
\"version\": \"1.0.0\",
\"description\": \"\",
\"main\": \"app.js\",
\"dependencies\": {
\"express\": \"^4.17.1\"
},
\"author\": \"\",
\"license\": \"ISC\"
}" > package.json
echo "const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello World!')
})
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Example app listening at http://localhost:${port}`)
})
" > app.js
kubectl create configmap node-web-config --from-file=package.json --from-file=app.js
部署deployment
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
部署后检查
kubectl get deployments
kubectl get pods
kubectl describe deployment node-web
kubectl describe pod <pod-name>
kubectl port-forward <pod-name> 8080:3000
以上就是k8s部署docker容器的完整攻略,希望能对您有所帮助。
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