阅读目录
一 介绍
#介绍:使用requests可以模拟浏览器的请求,比起之前用到的urllib,requests模块的api更加便捷(本质就是封装了urllib3) #注意:requests库发送请求将网页内容下载下来以后,并不会执行js代码,这需要我们自己分析目标站点然后发起新的request请求 #安装:pip3 install requests #各种请求方式:常用的就是requests.get()和requests.post() >>> import requests >>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events') >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'}) >>> r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'}) >>> r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete') >>> r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get') >>> r = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get') #建议在正式学习requests前,先熟悉下HTTP协议 http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/p/6266327.html
官网链接:http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/
二 基于GET请求
1、基本请求
import requests response=requests.get('http://dig.chouti.com/') print(response.text)
2、带参数的GET请求->params
#在请求头内将自己伪装成浏览器,否则百度不会正常返回页面内容 import requests response=requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=python&pn=1', headers={ 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.75 Safari/537.36', }) print(response.text) #如果查询关键词是中文或者有其他特殊符号,则不得不进行url编码 from urllib.parse import urlencode wd='egon老师' encode_res=urlencode({'k':wd},encoding='utf-8') keyword=encode_res.split('=')[1] print(keyword) # 然后拼接成url url='https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%s&pn=1' %keyword response=requests.get(url, headers={ 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.75 Safari/537.36', }) res1=response.text
自己拼接GET参数
#上述操作可以用requests模块的一个params参数搞定,本质还是调用urlencode from urllib.parse import urlencode wd='egon老师' pn=1 response=requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/s', params={ 'wd':wd, 'pn':pn }, headers={ 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.75 Safari/537.36', }) res2=response.text #验证结果,打开a.html与b.html页面内容一样 with open('a.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(res1) with open('b.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(res2)
params参数的使用
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