实例详解Android 获取短信会话列表

为什么需要获取短信会话列表

在我们的日常生活中需要经常使用手机发送和接收短信，而对于一些需要短信的应用程序来说，获取短信会话列表是很有必要的，比如备份短信、导出短信等等。因此，本文将介绍获取Android短信会话列表的方法。

实现步骤

1. 添加权限

首先，在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS"/>  

2. 获取短信列表

接下来，我们需要使用ContentResolver来获取短信列表：

Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse("content://sms/conversations"), null, null, null, "thread_id DESC");

其中，Uri.parse("content://sms/conversations")表示获取短信会话列表，thread_id DESC表示按短信会话的时间降序排序。

3. 遍历短信列表

我们可以使用循环遍历Cursor对象，来获取短信会话列表中的每个会话：

if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
    do {
        long threadId = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex("thread_id"));
        String address = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("address"));
        String body = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("body"));
        int unreadCount = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("unread_count"));

        // 获取该会话的最新短信
        Cursor msgCursor = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse("content://sms"), null, "thread_id = " + threadId, null, "date DESC LIMIT 1");
        if (msgCursor != null && msgCursor.moveToFirst()) {
            long msgId = msgCursor.getLong(msgCursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));
            long date = msgCursor.getLong(msgCursor.getColumnIndex("date"));

            // TODO: 处理获取到的短信会话信息
        }
        if (msgCursor != null) {
            msgCursor.close();
        }
    } while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
if (cursor != null) {
    cursor.close();
}

4. 根据需要进行处理

最后，根据我们的需求，对获取到的短信会话信息进行处理，比如打印、显示在列表中等。

示例说明

示例1：获取短信会话列表

我们可以在一个新的Activity中实现上述步骤：

public class SmsListActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "SmsListActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_sms_list);

        // 添加权限
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_SMS}, 0);

        // 获取短信会话列表
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse("content://sms/conversations"), null, null, null, "thread_id DESC");

        // 遍历短信列表
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                long threadId = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex("thread_id"));
                String address = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("address"));
                String body = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("body"));
                int unreadCount = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("unread_count"));

                // 获取该会话的最新短信
                Cursor msgCursor = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse("content://sms"), null, "thread_id = " + threadId, null, "date DESC LIMIT 1");
                if (msgCursor != null && msgCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    long msgId = msgCursor.getLong(msgCursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));
                    long date = msgCursor.getLong(msgCursor.getColumnIndex("date"));

                    Log.d(TAG, "ThreadId: " + threadId + ", Address: " + address + ", Body: " + body + ", UnreadCount: " + unreadCount + ", MsgId: " + msgId + ", Date: " + date);
                }
                if (msgCursor != null) {
                    msgCursor.close();
                }
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }

        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
}

示例2：显示短信会话列表

我们可以在ListView中显示短信会话列表：

public class SmsListActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "SmsListActivity";
    private ArrayList<SmsConversations> smsConversations = new ArrayList<>();
    private ListView smsListView;
    private SmsListAdapter smsListAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_sms_list);

        // 添加权限
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_SMS}, 0);

        // 获取短信会话列表
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse("content://sms/conversations"), null, null, null, "thread_id DESC");

        // 遍历短信列表
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                SmsConversations sms = new SmsConversations();
                long threadId = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex("thread_id"));
                String address = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("address"));
                String body = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("body"));
                int unreadCount = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("unread_count"));

                // 获取该会话的最新短信
                Cursor msgCursor = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse("content://sms"), null, "thread_id = " + threadId, null, "date DESC LIMIT 1");
                if (msgCursor != null && msgCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    long msgId = msgCursor.getLong(msgCursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));
                    long date = msgCursor.getLong(msgCursor.getColumnIndex("date"));

                    sms.setThreadId(threadId);
                    sms.setAddress(address);
                    sms.setBody(body);
                    sms.setUnreadCount(unreadCount);
                    sms.setMsgId(msgId);
                    sms.setDate(date);

                    smsConversations.add(sms);
                }
                if (msgCursor != null) {
                    msgCursor.close();
                }
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }

        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }

        // 显示短信会话列表
        smsListView = findViewById(R.id.sms_list);
        smsListAdapter = new SmsListAdapter(this, smsConversations);
        smsListView.setAdapter(smsListAdapter);
    }
}

其中，SmsConversations是一个实体类，表示短信会话信息；SmsListAdapter是自定义适配器。