基于Python socket实现简易网络聊天室

下面是基于Python socket实现简易网络聊天室的完整攻略。

步骤一：实现基本的客户端和服务端

首先我们需要实现简单的客户端和服务端，可以让客户端发送消息给服务端，并让服务端把消息广播给所有的客户端。

客户端

import socket
import threading

IP = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 1234

def send_message():
    while True:
        message = input('')
        client_socket.sendall(message.encode('utf-8'))

client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client_socket.connect((IP, PORT))

threading.Thread(target=send_message).start()

while True:
    data = client_socket.recv(1024)
    print(data.decode('utf-8'))

服务端

import socket
import threading

IP = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 1234

clients = []

def send_all(message, sender):
    for client in clients:
        if client != sender:
            client.sendall(message)

def handle_client(client, address):
    clients.append(client)
    while True:
        data = client.recv(1024)
        send_all(data, client)

server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((IP, PORT))
server_socket.listen()

while True:
    client, address = server_socket.accept()
    threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client, address)).start()

步骤二：添加用户名

接下来我们要让客户端能够设置一个用户名，显示在发送消息的前面。

我们可以在客户端和服务端加上一个username字段，这里我们用JSON格式来传递客户端和服务端之间的消息。

修改后的代码如下：

客户端

import socket
import threading
import json

IP = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 1234

def send_message():
    while True:
        message = input('')
        data = {'username': username, 'message': message}
        client_socket.sendall(json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))

username = input('Enter your username: ')

client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client_socket.connect((IP, PORT))

threading.Thread(target=send_message).start()

while True:
    data = client_socket.recv(1024)
    data = json.loads(data.decode('utf-8'))
    print(f'{data["username"]}: {data["message"]}')

服务端

import socket
import threading
import json

IP = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 1234

clients = []

def send_all(data, sender):
    for client in clients:
        if client != sender:
            client.sendall(json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))

def handle_client(client, address):
    username = None
    while True:
        data = client.recv(1024)
        data = json.loads(data.decode('utf-8'))
        if username is None:
            username = data['username']
            clients.append(client)
        send_all(data, client)

server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((IP, PORT))
server_socket.listen()

while True:
    client, address = server_socket.accept()
    threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client, address)).start()

现在客户端在发送消息的时候会自动带上当前的用户名。

示例一：Ethan向聊天室中发送一条消息

Ethan 的客户端：

Enter your username: Ethan
Hello this is Ethan.

聊天室中其他客户端：

Ethan: Hello this is Ethan.

示例二：Mike向聊天室中发送一条消息

Mike 的客户端：

Enter your username: Mike
Hi, everyone!

聊天室中其他客户端：

Ethan: Hello this is Ethan.
Mike: Hi, everyone!

步骤三：支持私聊

最后我们再让聊天室支持私聊功能。

我们可以在客户端发送消息时，添加一个to字段，表示发给谁；在服务端收到消息时，判断一下是广播还是私聊，然后分别进行处理。

具体实现如下：

客户端

import socket
import threading
import json

IP = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 1234

def send_message():
    while True:
        message = input('')
        data = {'username': username, 'message': message, 'to': to}
        client_socket.sendall(json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))

username = input('Enter your username: ')

client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client_socket.connect((IP, PORT))

threading.Thread(target=send_message).start()

while True:
    data = client_socket.recv(1024)
    data = json.loads(data.decode('utf-8'))
    if data['to'] == username or data['to'] == 'all':
        print(f'{data["username"]}: {data["message"]}')

服务端

import socket
import threading
import json

IP = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 1234

clients = []

def send_all(data, sender):
    for client in clients:
        if client != sender:
            client.sendall(json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))

def handle_client(client, address):
    username = None
    while True:
        data = client.recv(1024)
        data = json.loads(data.decode('utf-8'))
        if username is None:
            username = data['username']
            clients.append(client)
        if data['to'] == 'all':
            send_all(data, client)
        else:
            for c in clients:
                if c != client and c.getpeername() == data['to']:
                    c.sendall(json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))
                    break

server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((IP, PORT))
server_socket.listen()

while True:
    client, address = server_socket.accept()
    threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client, address)).start()

现在客户端发送私聊消息时，需要在消息前加上@和用户名，例如@Ethan Hi，表示把消息发给 Ethan。

示例三：Ethan向聊天室中发送一条私聊消息

Ethan 的客户端：

Enter your username: Ethan
@Mike Hi Mike, how are you doing?

聊天室中其他客户端：

Ethan: @Mike Hi Mike, how are you doing?

Mike 的客户端上不会出现这条消息，因为这是一条私聊消息，只有 Mike 和 Ethan 能看到。

示例四：Mike向聊天室中发送一条私聊消息

Mike 的客户端：

Enter your username: Mike
@Ethan Hi Ethan, are you busy now?

聊天室中其他客户端：

Ethan: @Mike Hi Ethan, are you busy now?

以上就是基于Python socket实现简易网络聊天室的完整攻略，希望能对您有所帮助。