使用JPA的实体对象转JSON字符串时,懒加载的问题是指如果在实体中存在多个关联关系,当使用jpa将实体转为JSON字符串时,如果关联关系采用懒加载方式,则在序列化关联对象时,可能发生延迟加载异常,导致程序抛出错误。下面是解决该问题的攻略:
1.解决方法
1.1 使用Jackson的ObjectMapper来序列化关联对象
在JPA的实体类上使用@JsonManagedReference对关系进行标注,然后在需要序列化关联对象的实体类上使用@JsonBackReference标注。
示例代码如下:
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
private Long id;
private String username;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "user", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
@JsonManagedReference
private List<Order> orders = new ArrayList<>();
// getter and setter
}
@Entity
public class Order {
@Id
private Long id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
@JsonBackReference
private User user;
// getter and setter
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1L);
user.setUsername("admin");
Order order = new Order();
order.setId(1L);
order.setName("order1");
order.setUser(user);
user.getOrders().add(order);
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
String json = "";
try {
json = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(json);
}
}
1.2 使用Hibernate的Hibernate.initialize()方法
可以使用Hibernate的Hibernate.initialize()方法预先初始化需要序列化的实体对象,从而避免延迟加载异常。此方法需要在事务环境下执行,否则会抛出以下异常:
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session
示例代码如下:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1L);
user.setUsername("admin");
Order order = new Order();
order.setId(1L);
order.setName("order1");
order.setUser(user);
user.getOrders().add(order);
EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("example");
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
em.persist(user);
em.persist(order);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
em = emf.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
User user2 = em.find(User.class, 1L);
Hibernate.initialize(user2.getOrders());
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
String json = "";
try {
json = mapper.writeValueAsString(user2);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(json);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
emf.close();
}
}
2.示例
2.1 使用Jackson的ObjectMapper来序列化关联对象
假设我们有两个实体类Customer和Order,它们之间是一对多的关系:
@Entity
public class Customer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer")
private List<Order> orders = new ArrayList<>();
// getter and setter
}
@Entity
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "customer_id")
private Customer customer;
// getter and setter
}
如果我们暴力地将实体类转为JSON字符串,就会出现延迟加载异常:
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
String json = "";
try {
Customer customer = em.find(Customer.class, 1L);
json = mapper.writeValueAsString(customer);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(json);
输出结果:
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: could not initialize proxy - no Session (through reference chain: com.example.demo.entity.Customer["orders"]->java.util.ArrayList[0]->com.example.demo.entity.Order["customer"])
因此,我们需要在实体类上使用@JsonManagedReference对关系进行标注,然后在需要序列化关联对象的实体类上使用@JsonBackReference标注:
@Entity
public class Customer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer")
@JsonManagedReference
private List<Order> orders = new ArrayList<>();
// getter and setter
}
@Entity
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "customer_id")
@JsonBackReference
private Customer customer;
// getter and setter
}
这样就可以正常地将实体转为JSON字符串:
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
String json = "";
try {
Customer customer = em.find(Customer.class, 1L);
json = mapper.writeValueAsString(customer);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(json);
输出结果:
{"id":1,"name":"customer1","orders":[{"id":1,"name":"order1"}]}
2.2 使用Hibernate的Hibernate.initialize()方法
假设我们有两个实体类Department和Employee,它们之间是多对一的关系:
@Entity
public class Department {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "department")
private List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
// getter and setter
}
@Entity
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "department_id")
private Department department;
// getter and setter
}
如果我们暴力地将实体类转为JSON字符串,就会出现延迟加载异常:
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
String json = "";
try {
Department department = em.find(Department.class, 1L);
json = mapper.writeValueAsString(department);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(json);
输出结果:
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: could not initialize proxy - no Session (through reference chain: com.example.demo.entity.Department["employees"]->java.util.ArrayList[0]->com.example.demo.entity.Employee["department"])
因此,我们可以使用Hibernate的Hibernate.initialize()方法预先初始化需要序列化的实体对象,从而避免延迟加载异常:
Department department = em.find(Department.class, 1L);
Hibernate.initialize(department.getEmployees());
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
String json = "";
try {
json = mapper.writeValueAsString(department);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(json);
输出结果:
{"id":1,"name":"department1","employees":[{"id":1,"name":"employee1"},{"id":2,"name":"employee2"}]}
这样就可以正常地将实体转为JSON字符串了。
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