C#实现通过winmm.dll控制声音播放的方法

下面是“C#实现通过winmm.dll控制声音播放的方法”的完整攻略：

1.简介

Winmm.dll是Windows操作系统中的一个动态链接库文件，它包含了负责音频的相关函数，通过调用这些函数我们可以实现对音频的控制。本文将介绍C#通过调用winmm.dll实现控制声音播放的方法。

2.winmm.dll 函数介绍

首先，我们需要了解winmm.dll中的一些重要函数：

waveOutOpen：打开音频输出设备，并且获取音频输出设备句柄。
waveOutSetVolume：设置音量，0表示静音，65536表示最大音量。
waveOutWrite：将音频数据写入音频输出设备缓冲区，并开始播放音频。
waveOutPause：暂停音频播放。
waveOutRestart：继续音频播放。
waveOutReset：停止音频播放，并且清空音频输出设备缓冲区。
waveOutClose：关闭音频输出设备。

3.实现方法

要在C#中调用winmm.dll中的函数，我们需要使用DllImport特性来声明这些函数，在使用前需要引用System.Runtime.InteropServices命名空间。

示例1：播放指定路径下的wav音频文件：

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutOpen(out IntPtr hwo, uint uDeviceID, ref WAVEFORMATEX lpFormat, IntPtr dwCallback, IntPtr dwInstance, uint fdwOpen);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutSetVolume(IntPtr hwo, uint dwVolume);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutWrite(IntPtr hwo, ref WAVEHDR pwh, uint cbwh);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutPause(IntPtr hwo);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutRestart(IntPtr hwo);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutReset(IntPtr hwo);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutClose(IntPtr hwo);

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct WAVEFORMATEX
        {
            public ushort wFormatTag;
            public ushort nChannels;
            public uint nSamplesPerSec;
            public uint nAvgBytesPerSec;
            public ushort nBlockAlign;
            public ushort wBitsPerSample;
            public ushort cbSize;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct WAVEHDR
        {
            public IntPtr lpData; 
            public uint dwBufferLength; 
            public uint dwBytesRecorded; 
            public IntPtr dwUser; 
            public uint dwFlags; 
            public uint dwLoops; 
            public IntPtr lpNext; 
            public IntPtr reserved; 
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string filePath = @"D:\music.wav";
            WAVEFORMATEX waveFormatEx = new WAVEFORMATEX
            {
                wFormatTag = 1,
                nChannels = 2,
                nSamplesPerSec = 44100,
                nAvgBytesPerSec = 176400,
                nBlockAlign = 4,
                wBitsPerSample = 16,
                cbSize = 0
            };
            IntPtr hWaveOut;
            waveOutOpen(out hWaveOut, 0, ref waveFormatEx, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, 0);
            IntPtr hFile = Win32Api.CreateFile(filePath, Win32Api.GENERIC_READ, Win32Api.FILE_SHARE_READ, IntPtr.Zero, Win32Api.OPEN_EXISTING, 0, IntPtr.Zero);
            uint cbData = Win32Api.GetFileSize(hFile, IntPtr.Zero);
            IntPtr pData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)cbData);
            Win32Api.ReadFile(hFile, pData, cbData, out uint bytesRead, IntPtr.Zero);
            WAVEHDR waveHdr = new WAVEHDR
            {
                lpData = pData,
                dwBufferLength = cbData,
                dwFlags = 0
            };
            waveOutWrite(hWaveOut, ref waveHdr, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WAVEHDR)));
            Console.ReadKey();
            waveOutPause(hWaveOut);
            waveOutReset(hWaveOut);
            waveOutClose(hWaveOut);
            Win32Api.CloseHandle(hFile);
            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pData);
        }
    }

    static class Win32Api
    {
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern IntPtr CreateFile(string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, uint dwShareMode, IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes, uint dwCreationDisposition, uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, IntPtr hTemplateFile);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool ReadFile(IntPtr hFile, IntPtr lpBuffer, uint nNumberOfBytesToRead, out uint lpNumberOfBytesRead, IntPtr lpOverlapped);

        [DllImport("kernel32", SetLastError = true)]
        public extern static UInt32 GetFileSize(IntPtr hFile, IntPtr lpFileSizeHigh);

        public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
        public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
        public const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
    }
}

示例2：通过麦克风录制音频并播放：

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInOpen(out IntPtr hwi, uint uDeviceID, ref WAVEFORMATEX lpFormat, IntPtr dwCallback, IntPtr dwInstance, uint fdwOpen);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInClose(IntPtr hwi);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInStart(IntPtr hwi);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInStop(IntPtr hwi);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutOpen(out IntPtr hwo, uint uDeviceID, ref WAVEFORMATEX lpFormat, IntPtr dwCallback, IntPtr dwInstance, uint fdwOpen);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutSetVolume(IntPtr hwo, uint dwVolume);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutWrite(IntPtr hwo, ref WAVEHDR pwh, uint cbwh);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutPause(IntPtr hwo);


        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutReset(IntPtr hwo);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveOutClose(IntPtr hwo);

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct WAVEFORMATEX
        {
            public ushort wFormatTag;
            public ushort nChannels;
            public uint nSamplesPerSec;
            public uint nAvgBytesPerSec;
            public ushort nBlockAlign;
            public ushort wBitsPerSample;
            public ushort cbSize;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct WAVEHDR
        {
            public IntPtr lpData; 
            public uint dwBufferLength; 
            public uint dwBytesRecorded; 
            public IntPtr dwUser; 
            public uint dwFlags; 
            public uint dwLoops; 
            public IntPtr lpNext; 
            public IntPtr reserved; 
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            uint deviceID = 0;
            WAVEFORMATEX waveFormatEx = new WAVEFORMATEX
            {
                wFormatTag = 1,
                nChannels = 2,
                nSamplesPerSec = 44100,
                nAvgBytesPerSec = 176400,
                nBlockAlign = 4,
                wBitsPerSample = 16,
                cbSize = 0
            };
            IntPtr hWaveIn;
            waveInOpen(out hWaveIn, deviceID, ref waveFormatEx, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, 0);
            WAVEHDR[] waveHdrArray = new WAVEHDR[2];
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                waveHdrArray[i] = new WAVEHDR
                {
                    lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(waveFormatEx.nAvgBytesPerSec),
                    dwBufferLength = waveFormatEx.nAvgBytesPerSec,
                    dwFlags = 0
                };
                waveInPrepareHeader(hWaveIn, ref waveHdrArray[i], (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WAVEHDR)));
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                waveInAddBuffer(hWaveIn, ref waveHdrArray[i], (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WAVEHDR)));
            }
            waveOutOpen(out IntPtr hWaveOut, deviceID, ref waveFormatEx, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, 0);
            waveOutSetVolume(hWaveOut, 0xFFFF);
            waveOutWrite(hWaveOut, ref waveHdrArray[0], (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WAVEHDR)));
            waveInStart(hWaveIn);
            Console.ReadKey();
            waveInStop(hWaveIn);
            waveOutReset(hWaveOut);
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                waveInUnprepareHeader(hWaveIn, ref waveHdrArray[i], (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WAVEHDR)));
                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(waveHdrArray[i].lpData);
            }
            waveInClose(hWaveIn);
            waveOutClose(hWaveOut);
        }

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInPrepareHeader(IntPtr hwi, ref WAVEHDR pwh, uint cbwh);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInUnprepareHeader(IntPtr hwi, ref WAVEHDR pwh, uint cbwh);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        static extern int waveInAddBuffer(IntPtr hwi, ref WAVEHDR pwh, uint cbwh);
    }

    static class Win32Api
    {
        public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
        public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
        public const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern IntPtr CreateFile(string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, uint dwShareMode, IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes, uint dwCreationDisposition, uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, IntPtr hTemplateFile);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool ReadFile(IntPtr hFile, IntPtr lpBuffer, uint nNumberOfBytesToRead, out uint lpNumberOfBytesRead, IntPtr lpOverlapped);

        [DllImport("kernel32", SetLastError = true)]
        public extern static UInt32 GetFileSize(IntPtr hFile, IntPtr lpFileSizeHigh);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
    }
}

在以上两个示例中，我们先使用waveOutOpen或waveInOpen打开音频输出或输入设备获取句柄，然后设置音量大小、调用waveOutWrite或waveInAddBuffer写入音频数据、调用waveOutPause、waveOutReset、waveOutClose或waveInStop、waveInUnprepareHeader或waveOutUnprepareHeader和Marshal.FreeHGlobal等函数来实现音频的播放或录制并且清理资源。

4.总结

本文介绍了通过调用winmm.dll实现控制声音播放的方法，介绍了winmm.dll中的一些重要函数，同时提供了两个示例来演示播放wav音频、录制并播放麦克风音频的完整过程。

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C#实现通过winmm.dll控制声音播放的方法

1.简介

2.winmm.dll 函数介绍

3.实现方法

4.总结

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