Java开发神器Lombok使用详解
简介
Lombok是一个Java库,它可以自动插入编辑器和Build工具中,通过注解的方式来简化Java类的开发。Lombok有许多有用的注解,使得Java开发变得更加简洁高效。
安装和配置
Lombok可以简单地通过在项目中添加Maven或Gradle依赖来安装。
- 在Maven中加入依赖:
xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
- 在Gradle中加入依赖:
gradle
compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok:{version}'
annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:{version}'
- 在IDE中添加Lombok插件,例如在Eclipse中,需要下载
lombok.jar
,然后双击运行,选择IDE的路径即可。
常用注解
下面介绍一些Lombok常用的注解。
@Getter
和@Setter
:生成JavaBean的get和set方法。
```java
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
public class Person {
@Getter @Setter
private String name;
@Getter @Setter
private int age;
}
```
@Data
:生成JavaBean的get、set、toString、hashCode、equals方法。
```java
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
}
```
@NoArgsConstructor
:生成一个无参构造函数。
```java
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
}
```
@AllArgsConstructor
:生成一个全参构造函数。
```java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
}
```
示例
下面给出两个使用Lombok的示例:
- 使用
@Data
简化POJO类的开发
```java
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
}
```
上述代码等价于以下代码:
```java
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getAddress() {
return this.address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person(name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address + ")";
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Person person = (Person) o;
if (age != person.age) return false;
if (!name.equals(person.name)) return false;
return address != null ? address.equals(person.address) : person.address == null;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = name.hashCode();
result = 31 * result + age;
result = 31 * result + (address != null ? address.hashCode() : 0);
return result;
}
}
```
- 使用
@Builder
和@NoArgsConstructor
简化Builder模式的开发
```java
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
}
```
上述代码等价于以下代码:
```java
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public Person(String name, int age, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
public static PersonBuilder builder() {
return new PersonBuilder();
}
public static class PersonBuilder {
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public PersonBuilder() {
}
public PersonBuilder name(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}
public PersonBuilder age(int age) {
this.age = age;
return this;
}
public PersonBuilder address(String address) {
this.address = address;
return this;
}
public Person build() {
return new Person(name, age, address);
}
}
}
```
总结
Lombok是一个很实用的Java库,可以大大简化Java类的开发。掌握Lombok的常用注解可以提高Java代码的开发效率,减少重复工作。如果你对Lombok还不熟悉,建议尝试一下,并在实际项目当中应用。
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