用Python实现学生信息管理系统

概述

本文将讲述如何用Python实现一个简易的学生信息管理系统。

该系统包括以下功能：

• 添加学生信息
• 删除学生信息
• 修改学生信息
• 查询学生信息

数据结构

我们可以用一个列表来存储所有学生的信息，列表中的每个元素都代表一个学生的信息，包括姓名、性别、年龄、学号等。

例如：

students = [
    {"name": "Tom", "gender": "Male", "age": 18, "student_id": "1001"},
    {"name": "Jerry", "gender": "Female", "age": 19, "student_id": "1002"},
    {"name": "Alice", "gender": "Female", "age": 20, "student_id": "1003"},
    {"name": "Bob", "gender": "Male", "age": 21, "student_id": "1004"}
]

添加学生信息

要添加一个学生的信息，可以让用户输入学生的姓名、性别、年龄、学号等信息，然后创建一个字典，将这些信息存储到字典中，最后将字典添加到列表中即可。

def add_student():
    name = input("Please enter student's name:")
    gender = input("Please enter student's gender:")
    age = input("Please enter student's age:")
    student_id = input("Please enter student's ID:")
    student = {"name": name, "gender": gender, "age": age, "student_id": student_id}
    students.append(student)
    print("Student added successfully!")

删除学生信息

要删除一个学生的信息，可以让用户输入学生的学号，然后遍历列表，找到对应学号的学生信息，将其删除即可。

def delete_student():
    student_id = input("Please enter student's ID:")
    for student in students:
        if student["student_id"] == student_id:
            students.remove(student)
            print("Student deleted successfully!")
            return
    print("Student not found!")

修改学生信息

要修改一个学生的信息，可以让用户输入学生的学号，然后遍历列表，找到对应学号的学生信息，让用户输入要修改的信息，然后更新字典即可。

def modify_student():
    student_id = input("Please enter student's ID:")
    for student in students:
        if student["student_id"] == student_id:
            student["name"] = input("Please enter student's name:")
            student["gender"] = input("Please enter student's gender:")
            student["age"] = input("Please enter student's age:")
            print("Student modified successfully!")
            return
    print("Student not found!")

查询学生信息

要查询学生的信息，可以让用户输入学生的姓名或学号，然后遍历列表，找到对应的学生信息，将其显示出来。

def search_student():
    keyword = input("Please enter student's name or ID:")
    for student in students:
        if student["name"] == keyword or student["student_id"] == keyword:
            print(f"Name: {student['name']}, Gender: {student['gender']}, Age: {student['age']}, ID: {student['student_id']}")
            return
    print("Student not found!")

完整示例

以下是完整代码示例：

students = [
    {"name": "Tom", "gender": "Male", "age": 18, "student_id": "1001"},
    {"name": "Jerry", "gender": "Female", "age": 19, "student_id": "1002"},
    {"name": "Alice", "gender": "Female", "age": 20, "student_id": "1003"},
    {"name": "Bob", "gender": "Male", "age": 21, "student_id": "1004"}
]

def add_student():
    name = input("Please enter student's name:")
    gender = input("Please enter student's gender:")
    age = input("Please enter student's age:")
    student_id = input("Please enter student's ID:")
    student = {"name": name, "gender": gender, "age": age, "student_id": student_id}
    students.append(student)
    print("Student added successfully!")

def delete_student():
    student_id = input("Please enter student's ID:")
    for student in students:
        if student["student_id"] == student_id:
            students.remove(student)
            print("Student deleted successfully!")
            return
    print("Student not found!")

def modify_student():
    student_id = input("Please enter student's ID:")
    for student in students:
        if student["student_id"] == student_id:
            student["name"] = input("Please enter student's name:")
            student["gender"] = input("Please enter student's gender:")
            student["age"] = input("Please enter student's age:")
            print("Student modified successfully!")
            return
    print("Student not found!")

def search_student():
    keyword = input("Please enter student's name or ID:")
    for student in students:
        if student["name"] == keyword or student["student_id"] == keyword:
            print(f"Name: {student['name']}, Gender: {student['gender']}, Age: {student['age']}, ID: {student['student_id']}")
            return
    print("Student not found!")

while True:
    print("Please select an operation:")
    print("1. Add student")
    print("2. Delete student")
    print("3. Modify student")
    print("4. Search student")
    print("5. Exit")
    choice = int(input())
    if choice == 1:
        add_student()
    elif choice == 2:
        delete_student()
    elif choice == 3:
        modify_student()
    elif choice == 4:
        search_student()
    elif choice == 5:
        break
    else:
        print("Invalid choice, please try again.")

示例说明

示例1：添加学生信息

1. 用户选择添加学生信息功能
2. 用户输入学生信息，例如：姓名：张三，性别：男，年龄：18，学号：1001
3. 系统提示学生添加成功
4. 查看学生列表，会发现列表中新增了一条学生信息：

{"name": "张三", "gender": "男", "age": "18", "student_id": "1001"}

示例2：查询学生信息

1. 用户选择查询学生信息功能
2. 用户输入学生姓名或学号，例如：张三
3. 系统会在列表中查找姓名为张三的学生，如果找到则会显示学生的详细信息：

Name: 张三, Gender: 男, Age: 18, ID: 1001

如果找不到则会提示学生不存在。