spring 使用RabbitMQ进行消息传递的示例代码

以下是Spring使用RabbitMQ进行消息传递的完整攻略，包含两个示例说明。

示例1：简单队列模式

步骤1：添加依赖

在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

步骤2：配置文件

在application.properties文件中添加以下配置：

spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest

步骤3：发送消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Producer implements CommandLineRunner {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Producer.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        String message = "Hello World!";
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("my_queue", message);
        System.out.println("Message sent: " + message);
    }
}

步骤4：接收消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Consumer.class, args);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "my_queue")
    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println("Message received: " + message);
    }
}

步骤5：运行程序

运行发送消息的程序后，您将看到以下输出：

Message sent: Hello World!

运行接收消息的程序后，您将看到以下输出：

Message received: Hello World!

示例2：工作队列模式

步骤1：添加依赖

同示例1。

步骤2：配置文件

同示例1。

步骤3：发送消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Producer implements CommandLineRunner {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Producer.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            String message = "Message " + i;
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("my_queue", message);
            System.out.println("Message sent: " + message);
        }
    }
}

步骤4：接收消息

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Consumer.class, args);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "my_queue")
    public void receiveMessage(String message) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("Message received: " + message);
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        System.out.println("Message processed");
    }
}

步骤5：运行程序

运行发送消息的程序后，您将看到以下输出：

Message sent: Message 1
Message sent: Message 2
Message sent: Message 3
Message sent: Message 4
Message sent: Message 5
Message sent: Message 6
Message sent: Message 7
Message sent: Message 8
Message sent: Message 9
Message sent: Message 10

运行接收消息的程序后，您将看到以下输出：

Message received: Message 1
Message received: Message 2
Message received: Message 3
Message received: Message 4
Message received: Message 5
Message received: Message 6
Message received: Message 7
Message received: Message 8
Message received: Message 9
Message received: Message 10
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed
Message processed

以上就是Spring使用RabbitMQ进行消息传递的完整攻略，包含两个示例说明。