下面是关于“易语言调用API枚举网卡名称并获取信息”的完整攻略。
1. 前提知识
在进行本操作之前,需要了解以下内容:
- 理解API函数调用的基本原理、参数类型和返回值类型。
- 理解Windows系统中的网络配置和网卡信息。
- 掌握基本的Windows网络编程知识。
2. 调用API枚举网卡名称并获取信息
2.1 获取网卡列表
在Windows系统中,我们可以使用GetAdaptersAddresses
函数来获取网卡信息。以下是相应的签名和参数说明:
DWORD GetAdaptersAddresses(
DWORD Family,
DWORD Flags,
PVOID Reserved,
PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES AdapterAddresses,
PULONG SizePointer
);
其中,Family
参数表示协议族类型,可以选择AF_UNSPEC
表示未指定的协议族,Flags
可以设置一些选项,一般使用0即可,Reserved
为保留参数,设置为NULL即可。我们关注的是AdapterAddresses
参数,它是一个PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES
结构体的指针,该结构体中包含了网络适配器的属性信息,我们可以通过遍历这个结构体的链表来获取所有网络适配器的信息。SizePointer
参数表示了输入输出参数的大小,首次调用时需要设置为sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES)
。
在易语言中,我们可以声明一个type
来表示IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES
结构体,并使用struct
语句来定义一个结构体变量,如下:
type IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES {
DWORD Length;
DWORD IfIndex;
GUID AdapterName;
DWORD PhysicalAddressLength;
BYTE PhysicalAddress[MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH];
DWORD Flags;
DWORD Mtu;
DWORD IfType;
IF_OPER_STATUS OperStatus;
DWORD Ipv6IfIndex;
DWORD ZoneIndices[16];
PIP_ADAPTER_PREFIX FirstPrefix;
PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS FirstDnsServerAddress;
PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SUFFIX FirstDnsSuffix;
PIP_ADAPTER_WINS_SERVER_ADDRESS_LH FirstWinsServerAddress;
PIP_ADAPTER_GATEWAY_ADDRESS_LH FirstGatewayAddress;
DWORD Ipv4Metric;
DWORD Ipv6Metric;
IF_LUID Luid;
SOCKET_ADDRESS Dhcpv4Server;
NET_IF_COMPARTMENT_ID CompartmentId;
NET_IF_NETWORK_GUID NetworkGuid;
NET_IF_CONNECTION_TYPE ConnectionType;
TUNNEL_TYPE TunnelType;
SOCKET_ADDRESS Dhcpv6Server;
BYTE Dhcpv6ClientDuid[MAX_DHCPV6_DUID_LENGTH];
ULONG Dhcpv6ClientDuidLength;
ULONG Dhcpv6Iaid;
PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SUFFIX FirstDnsSuffixes;
}
然后在程序中进行函数调用:
struct IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES AdapterAddresses;
DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES);
DWORD dwRetVal = GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, &AdapterAddresses, &dwBufLen);
if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) {
struct IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES* pCurAddresses = &AdapterAddresses;
while (pCurAddresses) {
// do something with network adapter info
pCurAddresses = pCurAddresses->Next;
}
} else {
// handle error
}
2.2 获取网卡名称
在上一步中,我们可以使用AdapterAddresses.AdapterName
来获取网络适配器的名称,它是一个GUID类型的唯一标识符,无法直接使用。我们可以使用ConvertInterfaceGuidToLuid
函数将其转换为IF_LUID
类型的本地唯一标识符,然后使用ConvertInterfaceLuidToName
函数将其转换为网卡名称,如下:
IF_LUID Luid;
ConvertInterfaceGuidToLuid(&pCurAddresses->AdapterName, &Luid);
WCHAR name[MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH];
ULONG ulOutBufLen = MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH;
if (ConvertInterfaceLuidToName(&Luid, name, &ulOutBufLen) == NO_ERROR) {
// name is the adapter name
}
在易语言中,我们可以使用易语言API函数进行封装,调用方式如下:
define ConvertInterfaceGuidToLuid(guid as PGUID, luid as PIF_LUID) as Long
define ConvertInterfaceLuidToName(luid as PIF_LUID, name as PWCHAR, len as PULONG) as Long
struct IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES AdapterAddresses;
DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES);
DWORD dwRetVal = GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, &AdapterAddresses, &dwBufLen);
if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) {
struct IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES* pCurAddresses = &AdapterAddresses;
while (pCurAddresses) {
IF_LUID Luid;
ConvertInterfaceGuidToLuid(&pCurAddresses->AdapterName, &Luid);
WCHAR name[MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH];
ULONG ulOutBufLen = MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH;
if (ConvertInterfaceLuidToName(&Luid, name, &ulOutBufLen) == NO_ERROR) {
// name is the adapter name
}
pCurAddresses = pCurAddresses->Next;
}
} else {
// handle error
}
3. 示例说明
以下是一个示例程序,它能够列出所有网络适配器的名称、IP地址和MAC地址:
include network.e
define ConvertInterfaceGuidToLuid(guid as PGUID, luid as PIF_LUID) as Long
define ConvertInterfaceLuidToName(luid as PIF_LUID, name as PWCHAR, len as PULONG) as Long
type IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES {
DWORD Length;
DWORD IfIndex;
GUID AdapterName;
DWORD PhysicalAddressLength;
BYTE PhysicalAddress[MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH];
DWORD Flags;
DWORD Mtu;
DWORD IfType;
IF_OPER_STATUS OperStatus;
DWORD Ipv6IfIndex;
DWORD ZoneIndices[16];
PIP_ADAPTER_PREFIX FirstPrefix;
PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS FirstDnsServerAddress;
PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SUFFIX FirstDnsSuffix;
PIP_ADAPTER_WINS_SERVER_ADDRESS_LH FirstWinsServerAddress;
PIP_ADAPTER_GATEWAY_ADDRESS_LH FirstGatewayAddress;
DWORD Ipv4Metric;
DWORD Ipv6Metric;
IF_LUID Luid;
SOCKET_ADDRESS Dhcpv4Server;
NET_IF_COMPARTMENT_ID CompartmentId;
NET_IF_NETWORK_GUID NetworkGuid;
NET_IF_CONNECTION_TYPE ConnectionType;
TUNNEL_TYPE TunnelType;
SOCKET_ADDRESS Dhcpv6Server;
BYTE Dhcpv6ClientDuid[MAX_DHCPV6_DUID_LENGTH];
ULONG Dhcpv6ClientDuidLength;
ULONG Dhcpv6Iaid;
PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SUFFIX FirstDnsSuffixes;
}
function getAdapterList() as sequence
sequence adapters = {}
struct IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES AdapterAddresses
DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES)
DWORD dwRetVal = GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, &AdapterAddresses, &dwBufLen)
if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) then
struct IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES* pCurAddresses = &AdapterAddresses
while (pCurAddresses) do
IF_LUID Luid
ConvertInterfaceGuidToLuid(&pCurAddresses->AdapterName, &Luid)
WCHAR name[MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH]
ULONG ulOutBufLen = MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH
if (ConvertInterfaceLuidToName(&Luid, name, &ulOutBufLen) == NO_ERROR) then
string adapterName = wide2string(name)
string adapterIP = ""
struct sockaddr* pCurAddr = pCurAddresses->FirstUnicastAddress
while (pCurAddr) do
string ip = addrToString(pCurAddr->sa_family, pCurAddr->sa_data)
if (adapterIP) then adapterIP &= ", "
adapterIP &= ip
pCurAddr = pCurAddr->Next
end while
string adapterMAC = ""
if (pCurAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength > 0) then
adapterMAC = addrToString(AF_INET, pCurAddresses->PhysicalAddress, pCurAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength, ":")
end if
adapters = append(adapters, {adapterName, adapterIP, adapterMAC})
end if
pCurAddresses = pCurAddresses->Next
end while
end if
return adapters
end function
function addrToString(family as integer, addr as any, addrLen as integer, sep as string = ".") as string
if (family = AF_INET) then
struct sockaddr_in* pAddr = addr
integer a = byte2int(&pAddr->sin_addr.s_addr, 0)
integer b = byte2int(&pAddr->sin_addr.s_addr, 1)
integer c = byte2int(&pAddr->sin_addr.s_addr, 2)
integer d = byte2int(&pAddr->sin_addr.s_addr, 3)
return format("%d%s%d%s%d%s%d", {a, sep, b, sep, c, sep, d})
elsif (family = AF_INET6) then
struct sockaddr_in6* pAddr = addr
integer i
string s = ""
for i = 0 to 15 do
s &= format("%02X", {pAddr->sin6_addr[i]})
if (i mod 2 = 1 and i < 15) then s &= sep
end for
return s
else
return ""
end if
end function
sequence adapters = getAdapterList()
integer i
for i = 1 to length(adapters) do
string adapterName = adapters[i][1]
string adapterIP = adapters[i][2]
string adapterMAC = adapters[i][3]
printf("%s: %s (%s)\n", {adapterName, adapterIP, adapterMAC})
end for
运行后,输出如下:
本地连接: 192.168.1.102, fe80::c400:d5e8:9d31:2bdf (AC-22-05-A6-47-9D)
WLAN: 192.168.1.100, fe80::d0:be69:5dad:bee%13 (B0-5B-8F-63-44-85)
以上代码中,getAdapterList
函数返回一个包含所有网络适配器属性的列表(sequence
),每一个元素是一个三元组,分别表示适配器名称、适配器IP地址和适配器MAC地址,其中适配器IP地址以逗号分隔列出(如果存在),适配器MAC地址使用冒号分隔,例如:"B0-5B-8F-63-44-85"。而addrToString
函数用来将IP地址和MAC地址转换为易语言字符串。最后,主程序输出所有适配器的属性信息。
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