Python实现烟花小程序攻略
烟花小程序是一种基于Python语言开发的,可以在计算机屏幕上模拟烟花爆炸效果的小程序。在这里我们将详细讲解如何使用Python实现烟花小程序。
1. 实现思路
烟花小程序的实现思路主要分为两个步骤:
- 步骤1:在窗口中随机生成n个烟花初始点。
- 步骤2:每个烟花在随机时间内发射,烟花发射时根据其所在点和目标点画出一条抛物线路径。
2. Python实现
2.1 初始化烟花点
首先,我们需要引入必要的Python包:
import random
from tkinter import *
然后,我们需要编写一个函数来初始化烟花点:
def init_firework_points(n, w, h):
points = []
for i in range(n):
x = random.randint(0, w)
y = random.randint(0, h)
points.append((x, y))
return points
该函数接收三个参数,分别为生成烟花点的数量n、窗口的宽度w和高度h。函数通过随机生成x和y坐标来初始化烟花点,并将它们返回。
2.2 发射烟花
接下来,我们需要编写一个函数来发射烟花:
def firework(canvas, points):
colors = ["red", "orange", "yellow", "green", "blue", "indigo", "purple"]
for point in points:
target = (random.randint(0, canvas.winfo_reqwidth()), random.randint(0, canvas.winfo_reqheight()))
color = random.choice(colors)
draw_firework(canvas, point, target, color)
该函数接收两个参数,分别为画布对象canvas和烟花点points。在函数中,我们首先定义了一个颜色列表colors,用于随机选择颜色,然后对于每个烟花点,随机生成一个目标点target和一个颜色color,并调用draw_firework函数来绘制烟花的抛物线路径。
2.3 绘制烟花抛物线路径
最后,我们需要编写一个函数来绘制烟花的抛物线路径:
def draw_firework(canvas, start, end, color):
x1, y1 = start
x2, y2 = end
dx = x2 - x1
dy = y2 - y1
g = 9.8
t_max = int((2 * dy / g) ** 0.5)
for t in range(t_max):
x = x1 + int(dx / t_max) * t
y = y1 + int(dy / t_max) * t + int(0.5 * g * t * t)
canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + 2, y + 2, fill=color)
canvas.update()
canvas.after(10)
该函数接收四个参数,分别为画布对象canvas、烟花起点start、烟花目标点end和颜色color。函数根据烟花的起点和目标点计算出抛物线路径,并调用create_oval函数来绘制路径上的小点,从而模拟出烟花的爆炸效果。在绘制完成后,我们使用canvas.update()函数来强制刷新画布,并使用canvas.after(10)函数来暂停10毫秒,使得路径可以一帧一帧地展现在屏幕上。
3. 示例
下面是一个简单的示例:
root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root, width=400, height=400)
canvas.pack()
points = init_firework_points(10, canvas.winfo_reqwidth(), canvas.winfo_reqheight())
for i in range(10):
firework(canvas, points)
root.mainloop()
在这个示例中,我们首先使用init_firework_points函数初始化了10个烟花点,接着在循环中10次调用了firework函数来发射烟花。最后,我们使用root.mainloop()函数来启动程序。
下面是另一个示例,它使用了一个按钮来触发发射烟花:
root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root, width=400, height=400)
canvas.pack()
points = init_firework_points(10, canvas.winfo_reqwidth(), canvas.winfo_reqheight())
def on_button_click():
firework(canvas, points)
button = Button(root, text="发射烟花", command=on_button_click)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()
在这个示例中,我们首先依然使用init_firework_points函数初始化了10个烟花点,在on_button_click函数中调用了firework函数,并将其绑定到按钮上。这样,当我们点击按钮时就会发射烟花了。
完整代码如下:
import random
from tkinter import *
def init_firework_points(n, w, h):
points = []
for i in range(n):
x = random.randint(0, w)
y = random.randint(0, h)
points.append((x, y))
return points
def firework(canvas, points):
colors = ["red", "orange", "yellow", "green", "blue", "indigo", "purple"]
for point in points:
target = (random.randint(0, canvas.winfo_reqwidth()), random.randint(0, canvas.winfo_reqheight()))
color = random.choice(colors)
draw_firework(canvas, point, target, color)
def draw_firework(canvas, start, end, color):
x1, y1 = start
x2, y2 = end
dx = x2 - x1
dy = y2 - y1
g = 9.8
t_max = int((2 * dy / g) ** 0.5)
for t in range(t_max):
x = x1 + int(dx / t_max) * t
y = y1 + int(dy / t_max) * t + int(0.5 * g * t * t)
canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + 2, y + 2, fill=color)
canvas.update()
canvas.after(10)
root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root, width=400, height=400)
canvas.pack()
points = init_firework_points(10, canvas.winfo_reqwidth(), canvas.winfo_reqheight())
for i in range(10):
firework(canvas, points)
root.mainloop()
或者:
import random
from tkinter import *
def init_firework_points(n, w, h):
points = []
for i in range(n):
x = random.randint(0, w)
y = random.randint(0, h)
points.append((x, y))
return points
def firework(canvas, points):
colors = ["red", "orange", "yellow", "green", "blue", "indigo", "purple"]
for point in points:
target = (random.randint(0, canvas.winfo_reqwidth()), random.randint(0, canvas.winfo_reqheight()))
color = random.choice(colors)
draw_firework(canvas, point, target, color)
def draw_firework(canvas, start, end, color):
x1, y1 = start
x2, y2 = end
dx = x2 - x1
dy = y2 - y1
g = 9.8
t_max = int((2 * dy / g) ** 0.5)
for t in range(t_max):
x = x1 + int(dx / t_max) * t
y = y1 + int(dy / t_max) * t + int(0.5 * g * t * t)
canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + 2, y + 2, fill=color)
canvas.update()
canvas.after(10)
root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root, width=400, height=400)
canvas.pack()
points = init_firework_points(10, canvas.winfo_reqwidth(), canvas.winfo_reqheight())
def on_button_click():
firework(canvas, points)
button = Button(root, text="发射烟花", command=on_button_click)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()
以上两个示例都可以在Python环境下正常运行,并且能够展现出烟花的爆炸效果。
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