解决Netty中Spring对象注入失败的问题,一般存在两个方面的问题:
- 在Netty的handler中无法注入Spring的bean;
- 在Netty的线程中使用Spring的事务管理器会出现异常报错。
为了解决这两个问题,我们需要按照以下步骤进行:
步骤一:引入spring-boot-starter-netty
在Spring Boot项目中,通过添加spring-boot-starter-netty依赖,即可同时引入Netty和Spring Boot的依赖,保证它们能够良好的使用。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-netty</artifactId>
</dependency>
步骤二:定义Netty的handler处理类
在定义Netty的handler处理类中,需要继承ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter类。并将处理类注册到Netty的pipeline中。
@Component
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private final UserService userService;
public NettyServerHandler(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
// 省略处理逻辑
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
// 省略异常处理逻辑
}
}
步骤三:手动注册Netty的handler处理类
为了实现手动注册handler,需要实现Netty的ChannelInitializer接口,并在其中手动注册需要使用的handler。
@Component
public class NettyServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
private final NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler;
public NettyServerChannelInitializer(NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler) {
this.nettyServerHandler = nettyServerHandler;
}
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
// 在 pipeline 链中手动注册 Netty 服务处理类
pipeline.addLast("handler", nettyServerHandler);
}
}
步骤四:配置Netty和Spring的集成
为了解决在Netty的线程中使用Spring的事务管理器会出现异常报错的问题,需要通过在ApplicationContext中注入Netty的EventLoopGroup和Netty的NioEventLoopGroup来解决此问题。
@Configuration
public class NettyConfiguration {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Value("${netty.boss.thread.count}")
private int bossCount;
@Value("${netty.worker.thread.count}")
private int workerCount;
@Bean(name = "bossGroup", destroyMethod = "shutdownGracefully")
public EventLoopGroup bossGroup() {
return new NioEventLoopGroup(bossCount);
}
@Bean(name = "workerGroup", destroyMethod = "shutdownGracefully")
public EventLoopGroup workerGroup() {
return new NioEventLoopGroup(workerCount);
}
@Bean
public ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> channelInitializer() {
return new NettyServerChannelInitializer(applicationContext.getBean(NettyServerHandler.class));
}
@Bean(name = "bootstrap")
public ServerBootstrap bootstrap() {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup(), workerGroup())
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.childHandler(channelInitializer());
return bootstrap;
}
}
通过以上的步骤,我们已经成功解决了在Netty中Spring对象注入失败的问题。下面是两个示例说明。
示例一
在Spring的ApplicationContext上下文中,定义了以下一个bean:
@Service
public class UserService {
// 省略其他的bean的定义
}
在Netty的handler处理类中,使用Spring的@Autowired注解对UserService进行自动注入。
@Component
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
// 省略处理逻辑
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
// 省略异常处理逻辑
}
}
通过手动注册Netty的handler处理类,并将UserService作为一个构造方法的参数传入到处理类中,从而保证Netty中Spring对象注入成功。
@Component
public class NettyServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
private final NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler;
public NettyServerChannelInitializer(NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler) {
this.nettyServerHandler = nettyServerHandler;
}
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
// 在 pipeline 链中手动注册 Netty 服务处理类
pipeline.addLast("handler", nettyServerHandler);
}
}
示例二
在Netty处理的线程中,对一个数据库事务进行了操作,如下:
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Transactional
public void insert(User user) {
userDao.insert(user);
}
}
在Netty的handler处理类中,对UserService进行自动注入,并调用UserService的insert方法:
@Component
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
User user = (User) msg;
userService.insert(user);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
// 省略异常处理逻辑
}
}
在ApplicationContext中,注入Netty的EventLoopGroup和Netty的NioEventLoopGroup。
@Configuration
public class NettyConfiguration {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Value("${netty.boss.thread.count}")
private int bossCount;
@Value("${netty.worker.thread.count}")
private int workerCount;
@Bean(name = "bossGroup", destroyMethod = "shutdownGracefully")
public EventLoopGroup bossGroup() {
return new NioEventLoopGroup(bossCount);
}
@Bean(name = "workerGroup", destroyMethod = "shutdownGracefully")
public EventLoopGroup workerGroup() {
return new NioEventLoopGroup(workerCount);
}
@Bean
public ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> channelInitializer() {
return new NettyServerChannelInitializer(applicationContext.getBean(NettyServerHandler.class));
}
@Bean(name = "bootstrap")
public ServerBootstrap bootstrap() {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup(), workerGroup())
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.childHandler(channelInitializer());
return bootstrap;
}
}
通过以上步骤,我们就可以保证在Netty中使用Spring的对象和事务管理器注入成功。
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