限制字符输入数功能(jquery版和原生JS版)

限制字符输入数功能是一个常见的表单输入处理需求，它可以帮助用户在输入时保证输入内容的合法性。

jQuery版

在jQuery中，可以利用keypress事件或input事件来实现限制字符输入数功能。其中keypress事件适用于文本框或文本域等只能输入文本的元素，input事件适用于多种输入方式的元素，如文本框、文本域、下拉框等。

方案一

通过maxlength属性限制input输入框输入的内容长度：

<input type="text" maxlength="10" />

HTML5 支持 maxlength 属性。它能够限制用户输入到和标签中的内容长度。对于一个输入框，我们一般不会希望用户获得并激活它，再按 backspace 或者 delete 键删除字符，以达到达到字符数上限的效果，这时候就需要使用 JS 来在输入时候实时检查。</p> <pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>title</title> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <style> input[readonly="readonly"] { background-color: #ccc; color: #fff; border: none; } input:focus { outline: none; } </style> </head> <body> <form> <input name="input" type="text" maxlength="50"> <span class="charNum">50</span> </form> <script> $('input[name="input"]').keyup(function() { var counter = $(this).val().length; $('.charNum').text(50 - counter); if (counter == 50) { $(this).attr("readonly", "readonly"); } else if (counter < 50) { $(this).removeAttr("readonly"); } }); </script> </body> </html> </code></pre> <ul> <li>表单名称为<code>form</code>，元素名称为<code>input</code>。</li> <li>通过添加<code>readonly</code>属性标记来限制输入框的可编辑性。</li> <li>通过事件绑定到<code>keyup</code>事件，监控<code>input</code>值得变化，并计算剩余字符数。</li> <li>当剩余字符数为0时，通过添加<code>readonly</code>属性标记来限制输入框的可编辑性。</li> </ul> <h3>方案二</h3> <p>使用jQuery实现输入框字符数限制。</p> <pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jquery实现输入框长度限制</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <style> .normalFont { color: #333; } .cutFont { color: red; } .beyondCutFont { color: #ccc; } input { width: 100%; padding: 8px; } </style> <script> function checkText() { var text = $('#text_input').val(); if (text.length <= 10) { $('#text_len').text(text.length); $('#text_input').removeClass('cutFont').removeClass('beyondCutFont').addClass('normalFont'); } else if (text.length > 10 && text.length <= 20) { $('#text_len').text(text.length); $('#text_input').removeClass('normalFont').removeClass('beyondCutFont').addClass('cutFont'); } else { $('#text_len').text(20); $('#text_input').prop('maxlength', 20); $('#text_input').removeClass('normalFont').removeClass('cutFont').addClass('beyondCutFont'); } } $(function () { $('#text_input').on('input propertychange', checkText); }); </script> </head> <body> <form> <fieldset> <legend>Jquery实现输入框长度限制</legend> <p> <input type="text" id="text_input" maxlength="20"> <span>剩余<input type="text" id="text_len" value="0" readonly="readonly">个字符</span> </p> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html> </code></pre> <ul> <li>input、id和maxlength等属性都定义在HTML里面</li> <li>当用户输入到了指定的 maxlength 的时候，会自动将输入文本框设置为只读</li> <li>可以通过CSS的方式，来预设不同的文本输入字符超级的样式效果</li> <li>每输入一次字符，都会重新计算新的字符长度，同时也会重新设置颜色样式</li> </ul> <h2>原生JS版</h2> <p>在原生JS中，可以利用<code>oninput</code>事件实现限制字符输入数功能。该事件能够监控用户输入的有效字符，并通过字符串的长度来限制输入。同时，该事件对于大部分浏览器都支持，实现起来比较方便。</p> <h3>方案一</h3> <p>通过设置element的maxlength来限制内容长度：</p> <pre><code class="language-html"><label>最多输入10个字符:<input type="text" id="test-input" maxlength="10"></label> <p id="msg"></p> <script> var input = document.getElementById("test-input"); var msg = document.getElementById("msg"); input.addEventListener("input", function(){ msg.textContent = "剩余字符数: " + (input.maxLength - input.value.length); }, false); </script> </code></pre> <ul> <li>手动输入或复制文字都可以改变数字大小</li> <li>input.maxLength 表示一个 textarea 或 input 的maxlength 属性，表示输入框可输入的字符个数。</li> </ul> <h3>方案二</h3> <p>设置函数当字符超过指定限制时，就设定input的maxlength属性：</p> <pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>input输入框中限制字符串长度的几种方法</title> </head> <body> <input type="text" id="text_input" maxlength="20"> <span id="text_len_span">剩余20个字符</span> <div id="max_overflow">已经达到最大字符长度！</div> <script> var input_ele = document.getElementById("text_input"); var max_Overflow = document.getElementById("max_overflow"); input_ele.oninput = function() { if (this.value.length <= 10) { document.getElementById("text_len_span").innerHTML = "剩余" + (20 - input_ele.value.length) + "个字符"; } else { input_ele.value = input_ele.value.substring(0, 20); max_Overflow.style.display = "block"; document.getElementById("text_len_span").innerHTML = "剩余" + (20 - input_ele.value.length) + "个字符"; input_ele.maxLength = "20"; } } input_ele.onblur = function() { max_Overflow.style.display = "none"; input_ele.maxLength = "20"; } </script> </body> </html> </code></pre> <ul> <li>只能输入 20 字以内的数字中文等</li> <li>超出20个的字符长进行截取，使其为20个字符长</li> <li>输入到了20个字符，就提示已经达到最大字符长度</li> </ul> <div class="entry-readmore"><div class="entry-readmore-btn"></div></div> <div class="entry-copyright"><p>本站文章如无特殊说明，均为本站原创，如若转载，请注明出处：<a href="https://pythonjishu.com/lnvdbwypuafgwfi/">限制字符输入数功能(jquery版和原生JS版) - Python技术站</a></p></div> </div> <div class="entry-tag"><a href="https://pythonjishu.com/tag/css/" rel="tag">css</a></div> <div class="entry-action"> <div class="btn-zan" data-id="312401"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-thumb-up-fill"></use></svg></i> 赞 <span class="entry-action-num">(0)</span></div> </div> <div class="entry-bar"> <div class="entry-bar-inner"> <div class="entry-bar-info entry-bar-info2"> <div class="info-item meta"> <a class="meta-item j-heart" href="javascript:;" data-id="312401"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-star"></use></svg></i> <span class="data">0</span></a> <a class="meta-item" href="#comments"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-comment"></use></svg></i> <span class="data">0</span></a> <a class="meta-item dashang" href="javascript:;"> <i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-cny-circle-fill"></use></svg></i> 打赏 <span class="dashang-img dashang-img2"> <span> <img src="//pythonjishu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-06_10-34-29.jpg" alt="微信扫一扫"/> 微信扫一扫 </span> <span> <img src="//pythonjishu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-06_10-35-01.jpg" alt="支付宝扫一扫"/> 支付宝扫一扫 </span> </span> </a> </div> <div class="info-item share"> <a class="meta-item mobile j-mobile-share" href="javascript:;" data-id="312401" data-qrcode="https://pythonjishu.com/lnvdbwypuafgwfi/"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-share"></use></svg></i> 生成海报</a> <a class="meta-item wechat" data-share="wechat" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#"> <i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-wechat"></use></svg></i> </a> <a class="meta-item weibo" data-share="weibo" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#"> <i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-weibo"></use></svg></i> </a> <a class="meta-item qq" data-share="qq" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#"> <i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-qq"></use></svg></i> </a> <a class="meta-item qzone" data-share="qzone" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#"> <i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-qzone"></use></svg></i> </a> </div> <div class="info-item act"> <a href="javascript:;" id="j-reading"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-article"></use></svg></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry-page"> <div class="entry-page-prev entry-page-nobg"> <a href="https://pythonjishu.com/piqowooonsuzwsi/" title="CSS framework日常开发的经验总结" rel="prev"> <span>CSS framework日常开发的经验总结</span> </a> <div class="entry-page-info"> <span class="pull-left"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-arrow-left-double"></use></svg></i> 上一篇</span> <span class="pull-right">2023年6月9日</span> </div> </div> <div class="entry-page-next entry-page-nobg"> <a href="https://pythonjishu.com/gypgcvbtxeciklj/" title="css 11种方法实现一个tips带有描边的小箭头" rel="next"> <span>css 11种方法实现一个tips带有描边的小箭头</span> </a> <div class="entry-page-info"> <span class="pull-right">下一篇 <i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-arrow-right-double"></use></svg></i></span> <span class="pull-left">2023年6月9日</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry-related-posts"> <h3 class="entry-related-title">相关文章</h3><ul class="entry-related cols-3 post-loop post-loop-default"><li class="item item-no-thumb"> <div class="item-content"> <h3 class="item-title"> <a href="https://pythonjishu.com/fsjozfsccesxvfj/" rel="bookmark"> 10条影响CSS渲染速度的写法与使用建议第1/3页 </a> </h3> <div class="item-excerpt"> <p>首先我会解释一下文中讲到的CSS渲染速度的影响因素并给出相应的使用建议。然后，我会举两个具体的例子来说明如何优化CSS代码以提高渲染速度。影响CSS渲染速度的因素及优化建议 1. 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