利用Java连接Hadoop进行编程的完整攻略
准备工作
- 安装开发和运行Hadoop所需的Java环境。推荐使用Java 1.8版本。
- 下载并解压Hadoop软件包。
- 配置Hadoop环境变量。
写一个Java程序来连接Hadoop
下面是一个简单的Java程序,它能够连接到Hadoop集群,读取一个文件,并输出每行的内容。该程序主要使用Hadoop的MapReduce框架实现。
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ReadFileFromHDFS {
public static class Map extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text> {
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
context.write(new Text(""), value);
}
}
public static class Reduce extends Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text> {
private Text result = new Text();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
for (Text value : values) {
result.set(value);
context.write(key, result);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
JobConf jobConf = new JobConf(conf);
Job job = new Job(jobConf);
job.setJarByClass(ReadFileFromHDFS.class);
job.setJobName("WordCount");
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path("hdfs://localhost:9000/your/path/to/input/file"));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("hdfs://localhost:9000/your/path/to/output/file"));
job.setMapperClass(Map.class);
job.setReducerClass(Reduce.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);
job.waitForCompletion(true);
}
}
示例1:读取HDFS中的文件
假设我们有一个名为wordcount.txt的文件存储在HDFS上,在用户的主目录下。为了读取该文件,我们需要显示指定HDFS的URI,如'hdfs://localhost:9000/user/wordcount.txt'。
- 将以上的Java程序保存为Java文件,如ReadFileFromHDFS.java。
- 使用javac编译该Java程序得到一个.class文件,如下所示:
$ javac ReadFileFromHDFS.java
- 运行该程序,指定HDFS的输入文件和输出文件,如下所示:
$ java ReadFileFromHDFS hdfs://localhost:9000/user/wordcount.txt hdfs://localhost:9000/user/output
示例2:在HDFS中创建、写入与读出文件
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import java.io.IOException;
public class WriteFileToHDFS {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Configuration config = new Configuration();
config.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); // 设置HDFS的默认FS
FileSystem hdfs = FileSystem.get(config);
String fileName = "/user/testfile.txt";
Path file = new Path(fileName);
if (hdfs.exists(file)) {
hdfs.delete(file, true);
}
String testContent = "This is a test file!";
byte[] data = testContent.getBytes();
try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(config);) {
Path dst = new Path(fileName);
try (FSDataOutputStream outputStream = fs.create(dst)) {
outputStream.write(data);
outputStream.flush();
}
}
try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(config);) {
Path dst = new Path(fileName);
try (FSDataInputStream inputStream = fs.open(dst)) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[data.length];
inputStream.readFully(0, buffer);
System.out.println("Data from file: " + new String(buffer));
}
}
hdfs.close();
}
}
以上Java程序实现了向HDFS中写入数据,并从HDFS中读出数据,程序的输出为:
Data from file: This is a test file!
以上两个示例可以帮助你初步了解如何使用Java连接Hadoop进行编程,同时也让你更加熟悉Hadoop在具体业务场景中的应用,也可以作为日常Java与Hadoop交互的脚手架程序。
本站文章如无特殊说明,均为本站原创,如若转载,请注明出处:利用Java连接Hadoop进行编程 - Python技术站