来给大家详细讲解一下Python调试神器之PySnooper的使用方法。
什么是PySnooper
PySnooper是一款Python调试工具,最主要的功能是记录程序的运行日志,同时让开发者在代码中任意添加断点。
PySnooper的主要特点包括:
- 以简单的方式记录程序每一行的执行过程,使得调试效果更直观
- 记录的信息包括当前时间、行号、变量、返回值等方便开发者进行分析
- 允许在代码中任意添加断点,无需重新启动调试工具
- 适用于Python 3.5及以上版本
安装PySnooper
使用pip可以很简单地安装PySnooper:
pip install pysnooper
如何使用PySnooper
下面我们来介绍一下如何使用PySnooper。
简单示例
下面是一个简单的Python脚本示例:
import random
import pysnooper
@pysnooper.snoop()
def lottery(n=6):
s = set()
while len(s) < n:
s.add(random.randint(1, 49))
return sorted(s)
if __name__ == '__main__':
ret = lottery(n=6)
print(ret)
我们加上了一个@pysnooper.snoop()
装饰器,这样当我们运行这段代码时,PySnooper会自动记录每一行的执行过程。运行后的输出如下:
Source path:... Whatever
Starting var:.. n = 6
15:38:19.863174 call 4 @pysnooper.snoop()
15:38:19.863408 line 6 def lottery(n=6):
New var:....... s = set()
15:38:19.863674 line 7 while len(s) < n:
s = {1, 43, 9, 11, 23, 33}
15:38:19.863925 line 8 s.add(random.randint(1, 49))
s = {1, 43, 9, 11, 23, 33}
random.randint = <built-in method randint of module random>
random.randint(1, 49) = 6
15:38:19.864191 line 7 while len(s) < n:
s = {1, 43, 9, 11, 23, 33, 6}
15:38:19.864459 line 8 s.add(random.randint(1, 49))
s = {1, 43, 9, 11, 23, 33, 6}
random.randint = <built-in method randint of module random>
random.randint(1, 49) = 21
15:38:19.864712 line 7 while len(s) < n:
s = {1, 43, 9, 11, 21, 23, 33, 6}
15:38:19.864969 line 8 s.add(random.randint(1, 49))
s = {1, 43, 9, 11, 21, 23, 33, 6}
random.randint = <built-in method randint of module random>
random.randint(1, 49) = 40
15:38:19.865223 line 7 while len(s) < n:
s = {1, 40, 43, 9, 11, 21, 23, 33, 6}
15:38:19.865476 line 8 s.add(random.randint(1, 49))
s = {1, 40, 43, 9, 11, 21, 23, 33, 6}
random.randint = <built-in method randint of module random>
random.randint(1, 49) = 22
15:38:19.865730 line 7 while len(s) < n:
s = {1, 40, 43, 9, 11, 21, 22, 23, 33, 6}
15:38:19.865984 line 8 s.add(random.randint(1, 49))
s = {1, 40, 43, 9, 11, 21, 22, 23, 33, 6}
random.randint = <built-in method randint of module random>
random.randint(1, 49) = 21
15:38:19.866237 line 7 while len(s) < n:
s = {1, 40, 43, 9, 11, 21, 22, 23, 33, 6}
15:38:19.866489 return 6 return sorted(s)
Return value:.. [1, 6, 9, 11, 40, 43]
我们可以看到,PySnooper记录了每一行的执行过程,包括了变量变化和函数返回值等信息,非常方便调试。
指定输出信息
我们还可以指定PySnooper记录什么信息,以便更精确地调试代码。
下面是一个示例,我们指定PySnooper记录变量s
和函数返回值:
import random
import pysnooper
@pysnooper.snoop(watch=('s', 'ret'))
def lottery(n=6):
ret = set()
while len(ret) < n:
num = random.randint(1, 49)
ret.add(num)
s = list(ret)
return sorted(ret)
if __name__ == '__main__':
ret = lottery(n=6)
print(ret)
运行后的输出如下:
Source path:... Whatever
Starting var:.. n = 6
15:48:34.464200 call 4 @pysnooper.snoop(watch=('s', 'ret'))
15:48:34.464508 line 6 def lottery(n=6):
New var:....... ret = set()
New var:....... s = []
15:48:34.464734 line 7 while len(ret) < n:
ret = {32, 3, 8, 40, 41, 44}
15:48:34.464989 line 8 num = random.randint(1, 49)
num = 45
15:48:34.465246 line 9 ret.add(num)
ret = {32, 3, 8, 40, 41, 44, 45}
15:48:34.465492 line 10 s = list(ret)
s = [32, 3, 8, 40, 41, 44, 45]
15:48:34.465745 line 7 while len(ret) < n:
ret = {32, 3, 8, 40, 41, 44, 45, 13}
15:48:34.465988 line 8 num = random.randint(1, 49)
num = 13
15:48:34.466242 line 9 ret.add(num)
ret = {32, 3, 8, 40, 41, 44, 45, 13}
15:48:34.466489 line 10 s = list(ret)
s = [32, 3, 8, 40, 41, 44, 45, 13]
15:48:34.466742 return 6 return sorted(ret)
Return value:.. [3, 8, 13, 32, 40, 41, 44, 45]
我们可以看到,PySnooper只输出了s
和ret
的变化情况,让我们更专注于关注这两个变量的变化情况。
结束语
以上就是PySnooper的使用方法,希望这篇攻略对大家有所帮助。需要注意的是,在实际开发中,我们也要结合其他调试工具和技巧来进行全面的调试。
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