vue+webrtc(腾讯云) 实现直播功能的实践

下面是基于Vue和腾讯云WebRTC实现直播功能的实践攻略。

1. 确定使用的腾讯云实时音视频（TRTC）产品

TRTC是一款面向各种实时音视频场景的低延时、高可靠、高清晰度、跨平台的音视频通信产品。在TRTC中，我们可以选择使用WebRTC SDK来实现浏览器端的直播功能。在此之前，需要在腾讯云官网注册账号，并创建应用，获取AppID、密钥和密钥ID等相关信息。

2. 安装必要的依赖和配置

我们需要安装腾讯云的WebRTC SDK和Vue.js的相关依赖。首先，配置tsconfig.json：

// tsconfig.json
{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "target": "es5", 
        "module": "esnext", 
        "moduleResolution": "node",
        "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
        "strict": true, 
        "jsx": "preserve",
        "importHelpers": true, 
        "esModuleInterop": true, 
        "skipLibCheck": true,
        "sourceMap": true,
        "noImplicitAny": true,
        "declaration": true,
        "noImplicitReturns": true,
        "noImplicitThis": true,
        "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
    },
    "include": [
        "src/**/*"
    ],
    "exclude": [
        "node_modules"
    ]
}

接下来，我们可以安装相关依赖：

npm install tencent-trtc-webrtc-sdk --save
npm install vue vue-router axios --save
npm install @types/webrtc

3. 实现直播功能

3.1. 初始化TRTC SDK

在使用TRTC SDK之前，需要下载SDK并安装。安装完成后，在Vue项目中初始化：

// index.ts
import TRTC from 'tencent-trtc-webrtc-sdk'

TRTC.checkAVSupport().then(() => {
  console.log('Your browser is compatible')
})

3.2. 创建房间

当用户创建一个直播房间时，需要调用WebRTC SDK提供的API将其添加到房间中：

// LiveRoom.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <div>{{liveInfo.roomId}}</div>
    <button @click="createRoom">创建直播房间</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'
import { createRoom } from '@/api/live'
import TRTC from 'tencent-trtc-webrtc-sdk'

@Component
export default class LiveRoom extends Vue {
  createRoom () {
    createRoom().then(({ roomId, userId }) => {
      this.liveInfo.roomId = roomId
      TRTC.joinRoom({
        sdkAppId: process.env.VUE_APP_APPID,
        userId: userId,
        userSig: userSig, // 用户鉴权信息
        roomId: roomId,
        role: 'anchor' // 当前用户角色，包括：'anchor', 'audience', 'guest'
      }).then(() => {
        console.log('Join Room Success')
      }).catch((err: any) => {
        console.log(err)
      })
    })
  }
}
</script>

3.3. 获取本地设备

在进入直播房间前，需要获取本地视频和音频设备。TRTC SDK提供了相关API来获取设备信息：

// LiveRoom.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <div>{{liveInfo.roomId}}</div>
    <button @click="createRoom">创建直播房间</button>
    <div>
      <video :src="localStream?.toURL()" muted autoplay></video>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'
import { createRoom } from '@/api/live'
import TRTC from 'tencent-trtc-webrtc-sdk'

@Component
export default class LiveRoom extends Vue {
  localStream: any = null
  createRoom () {
    // ...
  }
  async getLocalDevice () {
    try {
      const { cameraList, microphoneList } = await TRTC.getDevices()
      const defaultCameraId = cameraList[0].deviceId
      const defaultMicrophoneId = microphoneList[0].deviceId

      this.localStream = await TRTC.createStream({
        cameraId: defaultCameraId, // 默认采集摄像头
        microphoneId: defaultMicrophoneId, // 默认采集麦克风
        beautyLevel: 0,
        mode: 'rtc',
        role: 'anchor',
        videoWidth: 640,
        videoHeight: 480,
        videoBitrate: 600,
        audioBitrate: 48,
        audioSampleRate: 48000
      })

      this.localStream.on('stream-id-ready', () => {
        this.localStream.play('local-video')
      })

      await this.localStream.initialize()
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(err)
    }
  }
  mounted () {
    this.getLocalDevice()
  }
}
</script>

3.4. 加入房间

加入房间后，需要获取远程视频和音频流，TRTC SDK提供了相关API来实现：

// LiveRoom.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <div>{{liveInfo.roomId}}</div>
    <button @click="createRoom">创建直播房间</button>
    <div>
      <video :src="localStream?.toURL()" muted autoplay></video>
    </div>
    <div>
      <video v-for="(id, index) in remoteStreams" :src="id.toURL()" autoplay :key="index"></video>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'
import { createRoom } from '@/api/live'
import TRTC from 'tencent-trtc-webrtc-sdk'

@Component
export default class LiveRoom extends Vue {
  localStream: any = null
  remoteStreams: any = []
  createRoom () {
    // ...
  }
  async getLocalDevice () {
    // ...
  }
  async joinRoom () {
    TRTC.joinRoom({
      sdkAppId: process.env.VUE_APP_APPID,
      userId: 'xxxxx',
      userSig: 'xxxxx', // 用户鉴权信息
      roomId: this.liveInfo.roomId,
      role: 'audience' // 当前用户角色，包括：'anchor', 'audience', 'guest'
    }).then(() => {
      TRTC.on('stream-added', event => {
        TRTC.subscribe(event.stream)
      })
      TRTC.on('stream-subscribed', event => {
        this.remoteStreams.push(event.stream)
      })
    }).catch(err => {
      console.error(err)
    })
  }
  mounted () {
    this.getLocalDevice()
    this.joinRoom()
  }
}
</script>

示例：插件开发中直播模块

我们可以将上述代码封装为一个Vue插件进行开发。在该插件中，实现创建直播房间、加入直播房间、获取本地设备、获取远程流等功能，使得其他开发者无需复杂的代码即可直接使用。

// src/plugins/live.ts
import { VueConstructor } from 'vue'
import TRTC from 'tencent-trtc-webrtc-sdk'
import { createRoom } from '@/api/live'

class Live {
  roomId: string = ''
  localStream: any = null
  remoteStreams: any = []

  constructor () {
    this.init()
  }

  async init () {
    try {
      const { cameraList, microphoneList } = await TRTC.getDevices()
      const defaultCameraId = cameraList[0].deviceId
      const defaultMicrophoneId = microphoneList[0].deviceId

      this.localStream = await TRTC.createStream({
        cameraId: defaultCameraId, // 默认采集摄像头
        microphoneId: defaultMicrophoneId, // 默认采集麦克风
        beautyLevel: 0,
        mode: 'rtc',
        role: 'anchor',
        videoWidth: 640,
        videoHeight: 480,
        videoBitrate: 600,
        audioBitrate: 48,
        audioSampleRate: 48000
      })

      this.localStream.on('stream-id-ready', () => {
        this.localStream.play('local-video')
      })

      await this.localStream.initialize()
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(err)
    }
    TRTC.on('stream-added', event => {
      TRTC.subscribe(event.stream)
    })
    TRTC.on('stream-subscribed', event => {
      this.remoteStreams.push(event.stream)
    })
  }

  async createRoom () {
    try {
      const { roomId, userId } = await createRoom()
      this.roomId = roomId
      await TRTC.joinRoom({
        sdkAppId: process.env.VUE_APP_APPID,
        userId: userId,
        userSig: userSig, // 用户鉴权信息
        roomId: roomId,
        role: 'anchor' // 当前用户角色，包括：'anchor', 'audience', 'guest'
      })
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(err)
    }
  }

  async joinRoom () {
    try {
      await TRTC.joinRoom({
        sdkAppId: process.env.VUE_APP_APPID,
        userId: 'xxxxx',
        userSig: 'xxxxx', // 用户鉴权信息
        roomId: this.roomId,
        role: 'audience' // 当前用户角色，包括：'anchor', 'audience', 'guest'
      })
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(err)
    }
  }

  async getLocalStream () {
    return this.localStream
  }

  async getRemoteStreams () {
    return this.remoteStreams
  }
}

const live = new Live()

export default {
  install (Vue: VueConstructor) {
    Vue.prototype.$live = live
  }
}

我们可以在Vue项目中进行如下使用：

// main.ts
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import LivePlugin from '@/plugins/live'

Vue.use(LivePlugin)

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  router,
  render: h => h(App)
}).$mount('#app')

// Live.vue
<template>
  <div>
    <div>{{roomId}}</div>
    <button @click="createRoom">创建直播房间</button>
    <div>
      <video :src="localStream?.toURL()" muted autoplay></video>
    </div>
    <div>
      <video v-for="(id, index) in remoteStreams" :src="id.toURL()" autoplay :key="index"></video>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'

@Component
export default class Live extends Vue {
  get roomId () {
    return this.$live.roomId
  }

  async getLocalStream () {
    return await this.$live.getLocalStream()
  }

  async getRemoteStreams () {
    return await this.$live.getRemoteStreams()
  }

  async createRoom () {
    await this.$live.createRoom()
  }

  mounted () {
    this.getLocalStream().then(stream => {
      stream.play('local-video')
    })
    this.getRemoteStreams()
  }
}
</script>

以上就是基于Vue和WebRTC SDK实现直播功能的详细攻略，缺少什么还请指出。

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