以下是" C#采用FileSystemWatcher实现监视磁盘文件变更的方法"的完整攻略:
1. 什么是FileSystemWatcher?
FileSystemWatcher
是一个 System.IO
命名空间下的类,它提供了一种简单的方法来监视计算机文件系统中的更改。
2. 实现 FileSystemWatcher 的监视步骤如下:
步骤1:实例化 FileSystemWatcher
使用以下代码示例来实例化 FileSystemWatcher
:
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
或者,您可以通过创建 FileSystemWatcher
实例来指定要监视的文件夹或文件的路径:
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher("D:\\MyFolder");
步骤2:设置 FileSystemWatcher 的属性
通过设置 FileSystemWatcher 实例的不同属性,可以指定要监视的更改类型,要监视的文件和文件夹,以及是否启用监视。
以下是其中一些属性:
-
Path
:要监视的目录的完全限定路径。 -
Filter
:指定筛选器字符串以确定监视哪些文件。 -
NotifyFilter
:指定要监视的更改类型。 -
EnableRaisingEvents
:指示是否启用监视。
您可以使用以下代码设置属性:
watcher.Path = "D:\\MyFolder";
watcher.Filter = "*.txt";
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastWrite | NotifyFilters.CreationTime | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
步骤3:注册 FileSystemWatcher 的事件
使用以下语法在 C# 中注册 FileSystemWatcher
事件:
watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnCreated);
watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnDeleted);
watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
分别代表文件修改、文件创建、文件删除和重命名/移动等事件。
步骤4:实现事件处理方法
当文件或文件夹上发生更改时,FileSystemWatcher 实例会引发一个或多个事件。针对 FileSystemWatcher 实例引发事件时,要添加事件句柄。当事件发生时,用插入到事件固有参数中的信息来响应它。
以下是针对上述事件的示例处理方法:
private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("File: " + e.FullPath + " has been changed");
}
private void OnCreated(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("File: " + e.FullPath + " has been created");
}
private void OnDeleted(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("File: " + e.FullPath + " has been deleted");
}
private void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath);
}
3. 使用示例
下面是两个使用 FileSystemWatcher
的示例:
示例1:监视文件夹
using System;
using System.IO;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
watcher.Path = @"C:\MyFolder";
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastWrite | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
watcher.Filter = "*.*";
watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop...");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("File: " + e.FullPath + " " + e.ChangeType);
}
private static void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath);
}
}
示例2:监视单个文件
using System;
using System.IO;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
watcher.Path = @"C:\MyFolder\MyFile.txt";
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastWrite;
watcher.Filter = "MyFile.txt";
watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop...");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} Changed at {1}", e.FullPath, DateTime.Now.ToString());
}
}
这些示例演示了如何使用 FileSystemWatcher
类来监视文件和文件夹中的更改及其参数。您可以按照这些示例的步骤添加自己的代码来监视您需要的文件或文件夹。
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