C#基于Socket套接字的网络通信封装

本文将介绍如何使用C#基于Socket套接字的网络通信封装进行网络编程，包括创建Socket、连接服务器、传输数据等操作。

创建Socket

在C#中，使用Socket类来创建Socket。其中SocketType指定了Socket的类型（Stream、Dgram、Raw等），ProtocolType指定了使用的协议（TCP、UDP等）。

Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

AddressFamily.InterNetwork表示IP v4地址族，即IPv4；SocketType.Stream表示流类型，即面向连接的socket，需要使用TCP协议。如果使用UDP协议，需要将ProtocolType参数设置为SocketType.Dgram。

连接服务器

使用Connect方法连接目标服务器。要连接远程服务器，需要指定服务器的IP地址和端口号。

IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, 5000);
socket.Connect(endPoint);

其中IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1")指定了服务器的IP地址，该地址为本地主机地址(即localhost)。IPEndPoint结构体指定了服务器的IP地址和端口号。

发送数据

使用Send方法可以向服务器发送数据。SendMessage为自定义方法，用于将字符串转换为字节数组并发送至服务器。

string message = "Hello, Server";
byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);
int sentLength = socket.Send(data);

接收数据

使用Receive方法可以从服务器接收数据。ReceiveMessage为自定义方法，用于接收数据并将字节数组转换为字符串。

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int receivedLength = socket.Receive(buffer);
string message = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, receivedLength);
Console.WriteLine($"Received message: {message}");

示例说明

以下是两个示例，分别为服务器端和客户端的代码。

服务器端示例

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

namespace SocketServer
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
                IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, 5000);
                Socket listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                listener.Bind(endPoint);
                listener.Listen(10);
                Console.WriteLine("Server started...");

                while (true)
                {
                    Socket socket = listener.Accept();
                    Console.WriteLine($"New client connected: {socket.RemoteEndPoint}");

                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int receivedLength = socket.Receive(buffer);
                    string message = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, receivedLength);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Received message from client {socket.RemoteEndPoint}: {message}");

                    message = $"Server received your message '{message}'";
                    byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);
                    int sentLength = socket.Send(data);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Sent message to client {socket.RemoteEndPoint}: {message}");

                    socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
                    socket.Close();
                    Console.WriteLine($"Client disconnected: {socket.RemoteEndPoint}");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端示例

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

namespace SocketClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
                IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, 5000);
                Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                socket.Connect(endPoint);

                string message = "Hello, Server";
                byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);
                int sentLength = socket.Send(data);
                Console.WriteLine($"Sent message to server: {message}");

                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int receivedLength = socket.Receive(buffer);
                message = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, receivedLength);
                Console.WriteLine($"Received message from server: {message}");

                socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
                socket.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

以上为基于Socket套接字的网络通信封装的完整攻略和示例说明。