下面是关于“spring security自定义认证登录的全过程记录”的详细攻略:
背景
Spring Security是Spring家族中重要的一员,主要用于Web应用的安全框架。它可以实现对应用的URL、方法和资源进行保护,在身份验证和授权方面提供了全面的支持。其中认证是指确认用户身份,而授权是指决定用户可以访问系统哪些资源。Spring Security默认提供了用户名和密码认证,但在实际开发过程中,我们常常需要自定义认证方案来满足项目的需求。
自定义认证登录的全过程
1.添加依赖
自定义认证需要使用到以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring-security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring-security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
<version>${spring-security.version}</version>
</dependency>
2.配置Spring Security
在Spring Security配置中,我们需要自定义认证提供者和认证过滤器。
2.1 自定义认证提供者
自定义认证提供者需要实现AuthenticationProvider
接口,并在WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
的子类中进行配置。示例代码:
public class MyAuthenticationProvider implements AuthenticationProvider {
@Override
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
String username = authentication.getName();
String password = authentication.getCredentials().toString();
// 自定义认证逻辑
return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password, new ArrayList<>());
}
@Override
public boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) {
return authentication.equals(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class);
}
}
2.2 自定义认证过滤器
自定义认证过滤器需要继承UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
类,并在WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
的子类中进行配置。示例代码:
public class MyAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
if (!request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());
}
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
if (StringUtils.isBlank(username) || StringUtils.isBlank(password)) {
throw new BadCredentialsException("用户名或密码不能为空!");
}
return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
2.3 配置Spring Security
我们需要在WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
的子类中进行配置:
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private MyAuthenticationProvider myAuthenticationProvider;
@Bean
public MyAuthenticationFilter myAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
MyAuthenticationFilter filter = new MyAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler());
filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new MyAuthenticationFailureHandler());
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login"); // 设置登录URL为"/login"
return filter;
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.authenticationProvider(myAuthenticationProvider); // 配置自定义认证提供者
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable() // 禁用CSRF保护
.addFilterBefore(myAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class) // 添加自定义认证过滤器
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/login").permitAll() // 允许所有用户访问"/login"
.anyRequest().authenticated(); // 其他URL需要身份认证
}
}
3.自定义认证成功/失败处理器
自定义认证成功/失败处理器需要实现AuthenticationSuccessHandler
接口和AuthenticationFailureHandler
接口,并在自定义认证过滤器中配置。示例代码:
public class MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.sendRedirect("/index"); // 登录成功,重定向到"/index"
}
}
public class MyAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {
response.sendRedirect("/login?error=true"); // 登录失败,重定向到"/login?error=true"
}
}
4.示例一:使用JUnit测试自定义认证
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class CustomAuthTests {
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void testCustomAuth() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
MultiValueMap<String, String> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
body.add("username", "admin");
body.add("password", "admin");
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity("/login", request, String.class);
assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode());
}
}
5.示例二:使用Postman模拟自定义认证
使用POST方法请求URL为http://{host}:{port}/login
,参数为username
和password
,即可完成自定义认证登录。
总结
以上就是Spring Security自定义认证登录的全过程记录,除了自定义认证提供者和认证过滤器,还需要自定义认证成功/失败处理器。为了方便测试,我们也提供了两条示例,其中一条使用JUnit测试,另一条使用Postman模拟。使用自定义认证可以满足更灵活的认证需求,提高应用程序的安全性。
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