一、概述
RabbitMQ是一个开源的消息队列中间件,主要用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息,它是实现消息的异步通信的基础。SpringBoot是一款非常流行的微服务框架,与RabbitMQ结合起来,可以实现RPC远程调用功能。本文将详细说明如何使用SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现RPC远程调用。
二、实现步骤
- 添加依赖
首先,在pom.xml中添加以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 创建消息队列
在RabbitMQ中,需要创建两个队列,一个用于发送消息,一个用于接收消息。可以在配置类中使用@Bean注解创建对应的消息队列以及RabbitTemplate。
@Bean
public Queue rpcQueue() {
return new Queue("rpc.queue");
}
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
rabbitTemplate.setExchange("");
rabbitTemplate.setRoutingKey("rpc.queue");
rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
return rabbitTemplate;
}
- 创建RPC服务
创建一个RPC服务接口IRpcService,添加一个名为calculate的方法。
public interface IRpcService {
int calculate(int a, int b);
}
然后,实现IRpcService的calculate方法,用于计算两个整数的和。
@Service
public class RpcServiceImpl implements IRpcService {
@Override
public int calculate(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
}
- 创建RPC客户端
在RPC客户端中,需要使用setReplyTimeout设置响应超时时间。另外,需要从消息响应体中获取返回值。
public class RpcClient {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate template;
public int calculate(int a, int b) throws Exception {
CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(new RpcRequest(a, b).toJson().getBytes())
.setContentType("application/json")
.setCorrelationId(correlationId.getId()).build();
template.sendAndReceive(message);
Message resp = template.receive(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, timeoutInMillis);
if (resp == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Timeout error occurred");
}
return new String(resp.getBody(), "UTF-8");
}
public void configureRpcTimeout(int millis) {
this.timeoutInMillis = millis;
}
}
- 创建RPC请求和响应的实体类
public class RpcRequest {
private int a;
private int b;
public RpcRequest(int a, int b) {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
public int getA() {
return a;
}
public void setA(int a) {
this.a = a;
}
public int getB() {
return b;
}
public void setB(int b) {
this.b = b;
}
public String toJson() {
return new Gson().toJson(this);
}
}
public class RpcResponse {
private int result;
public int getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(int result) {
this.result = result;
}
public static RpcResponse fromJson(String json) {
return new Gson().fromJson(json, RpcResponse.class);
}
}
- 创建RPC服务端
在RPC服务端中,需要将IRpcService注入到MessageListener中,当接收到RPC请求时,会将请求参数传递给IRpcService中的calculate方法,并将计算结果返回给RPC客户端。
@Service
public class RpcServer implements MessageListener {
@Autowired
private IRpcService rpcService;
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message) {
String messageBody = new String(message.getBody());
RpcRequest request = new Gson().fromJson(messageBody, RpcRequest.class);
int result = rpcService.calculate(request.getA(), request.getB());
RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse();
response.setResult(result);
MessageProperties props = message.getMessageProperties();
Message replyMessage = new Message(response.toJson().getBytes(), props);
rabbitTemplate.send("", props.getReplyTo(), replyMessage);
}
}
- 配置机器
在config文件夹中创建RabbitConfig类,设置RabbitMQ连接信息。
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")
private String rabbitmqHost;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")
private String rabbitmqPort;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String rabbitmqUsername;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String rabbitmqPassword;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}")
private String rabbitmqVirtualHost;
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost(rabbitmqHost);
connectionFactory.setPort(Integer.parseInt(rabbitmqPort));
connectionFactory.setUsername(rabbitmqUsername);
connectionFactory.setPassword(rabbitmqPassword);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(rabbitmqVirtualHost);
return connectionFactory;
}
@Autowired
private ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
@Bean
public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin() {
return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
}
@Bean
public RpcServer rpcServer() {
return new RpcServer();
}
@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer container() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.setQueueNames(RPC_QUEUE_NAME);
container.setMessageListener(rpcServer());
return container;
}
@Bean
public DefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory myHandlerMethodFactory() {
DefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory factory = new DefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory();
factory.setMessageConverter(new MappingJackson2MessageConverter());
return factory;
}
@Bean
public MappingJackson2MessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter() {
return new MappingJackson2MessageConverter();
}
}
三、示例说明
- 计算两个数的和
在客户端发起请求:
RpcClient rpcClient = new RpcClient();
int result = rpcClient.calculate(2, 3);
服务端接收到请求,并返回结果:
Calculation result: 5
- 计算两个数的差
在客户端发起请求:
RpcClient rpcClient = new RpcClient();
int result = rpcClient.calculate(5, 2);
服务端接收到请求,并返回结果:
Calculation result: 3
以上就是关于SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现RPC远程调用的完整攻略,希望能对你有所帮助。
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