我来详细讲解“Vmware部署Nginx+KeepAlived集群双主架构的问题及解决方法”的完整攻略。
一、背景介绍
在高并发场景下,单一节点的服务器会出现性能瓶颈,因此需要使用集群架构来提高服务器性能。本文主要介绍如何在Vmware虚拟机上部署Nginx+KeepAlived集群双主架构。
二、架构设计
本文将使用两个Web服务器节点来搭建集群,其中一个服务器为active节点,另一个为backup节点。当active节点出现宕机时,backup节点会自动接手处理请求。同时使用Nginx负载均衡器来平衡请求流量。
三、环境准备
- 安装Vmware虚拟机,在虚拟机中安装两个CentOS服务器操作系统;
- 在两个CentOS服务器中安装Nginx和KeepAlived;
- 配置Nginx的反向代理和负载均衡;
- 配置KeepAlived实现双主架构。
四、部署流程
4.1 安装Nginx和KeepAlived
通过以下命令安装Nginx和KeepAlived:
yum install nginx keepalived -y
4.2 配置Nginx
在nginx.conf文件中添加以下配置:
http {
upstream cluster {
server 192.168.1.101:80;
server 192.168.1.102:80 backup;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://cluster;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}
其中cluster表示服务器节点组,192.168.1.101和192.168.1.102分别是两个节点的IP地址。backup表示备份节点。
4.3 配置KeepAlived
在keepalived.conf文件中添加以下配置:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface enp0s8
state MASTER
priority 100
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.99
}
}
其中,interface指定网络接口名称,state指定节点状态(ACTIVE或者BACKUP),priority指定节点优先级,virtual_router_id指定keepalived的虚拟路由ID,advert_int指定广播的时间间隔,authentication指定认证信息,virtual_ipaddress指定虚拟IP地址。
4.4 测试集群
在浏览器中输入虚拟IP地址192.168.1.99,多次刷新页面,可以看到请求会在两个节点之间轮流分配。
4.5 一主一备示例说明
为了方便说明,我们使用两个虚拟机,其中192.168.1.101为active节点,192.168.1.102为backup节点。
4.5.1 配置active节点
(1) 在CentOS服务器中安装Nginx和KeepAlived:
yum install nginx keepalived -y
(2) 修改keepalived配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface enp0s8
state MASTER
priority 100
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.99
}
}
(3) 修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
http {
upstream cluster {
server 192.168.1.101:80;
server 192.168.1.102:80 backup;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://cluster;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}
(4) 启动Nginx和KeepAlived:
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
4.5.2 配置backup节点
(1) 在CentOS服务器中安装Nginx和KeepAlived:
yum install nginx keepalived -y
(2) 修改keepalived配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface enp0s8
state BACKUP
priority 99
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.99
}
}
(3) 修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,此处与active节点相同。
(4) 启动Nginx和KeepAlived:
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
4.6 两主两备示例说明
为了方便说明,我们使用两个虚拟机,其中192.168.1.101和192.168.1.102为active节点,192.168.1.103和192.168.1.104为backup节点。
4.6.1 配置active节点
(1) 在CentOS服务器中安装Nginx和KeepAlived:
yum install nginx keepalived -y
(2) 修改keepalived配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface enp0s8
state MASTER
priority 100
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.99
}
}
(3) 修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,添加以下head:
http {
upstream cluster {
server 192.168.1.101:80;
server 192.168.1.102:80;
server 192.168.1.103:80 backup;
server 192.168.1.104:80 backup;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://cluster;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}
(4) 启动Nginx和KeepAlived:
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
4.6.2 配置backup节点
(1) 在CentOS服务器中安装Nginx和KeepAlived:
yum install nginx keepalived -y
(2) 修改keepalived配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface enp0s8
state BACKUP
priority 99
virtual_router_id 51
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.99
}
}
(3) 修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,添加以下head,此处与active节点相同。
(4) 启动Nginx和KeepAlived:
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
五、总结
通过以上配置步骤,我们就可以在Vmware虚拟机上构建一个Nginx+KeepAlived双主架构的集群,提高服务器的性能和稳定性。
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