C语言实现学生信息管理程序

让我来详细讲解“C语言实现学生信息管理程序”的攻略。

概述

学生信息管理程序是一个非常基础的程序，它主要实现如下功能：

• 添加学生信息
• 查询学生信息
• 修改学生信息
• 删除学生信息

开发学生信息管理程序可以加强我们对C语言基础知识的掌握，例如指针、结构体等等。

开发步骤

1. 创建学生信息结构体

首先，我们需要创建一个结构体来存储学生信息。结构体可以包含学生的姓名、学号、性别、出生日期、电话号码等信息。

struct Student {
    char name[20];
    int id;
    char sex[10];
    char birthday[20];
    char phone[20];
};

2. 添加学生信息

我们可以使用数组存储学生信息，每次添加学生信息时，先判断数组是否已满，如果未满则添加学生信息。

#define MAX_STUDENT_NUM 100

struct Student students[MAX_STUDENT_NUM];
int currentStudentNum = 0;

void addStudent() {
    if (currentStudentNum >= MAX_STUDENT_NUM) {
        printf("Failed to add student, the number of students has reached the highest.\n");
        return;
    }

    struct Student student;
    printf("Please input the student name: ");
    scanf("%s", student.name);
    printf("Please input the student id: ");
    scanf("%d", &student.id);
    printf("Please input the student sex: ");
    scanf("%s", student.sex);
    printf("Please input the student birthday: ");
    scanf("%s", student.birthday);
    printf("Please input the student phone: ");
    scanf("%s", student.phone);
    students[currentStudentNum] = student;
    currentStudentNum++;
    printf("Successfully added student.\n");
}

3. 查询学生信息

我们可以通过输入学生的学号或姓名来查询具体某个学生的信息，也可以查询所有学生的信息。

void searchStudent() {
    printf("Please select the search method:\n");
    printf("1. Search by student id.\n");
    printf("2. Search by student name.\n");
    printf("3. Search all students.\n");

    int option;
    scanf("%d", &option);

    switch (option) {
        case 1: {
            int id;
            printf("Please input the student id to search: ");
            scanf("%d", &id);
            for (int i = 0; i < currentStudentNum; i++) {
                if (students[i].id == id) {
                    printf("name: %s, id: %d, sex: %s, birthday: %s, phone: %s\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].sex, students[i].birthday, students[i].phone);
                    return;
                }
            }
            printf("No student found with the id of %d.\n", id);
            break;
        }
        case 2: {
            char name[20];
            printf("Please input the student name to search: ");
            scanf("%s", name);
            int foundCount = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < currentStudentNum; i++) {
                if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) {
                    printf("name: %s, id: %d, sex: %s, birthday: %s, phone: %s\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].sex, students[i].birthday, students[i].phone);
                    foundCount++;
                }
            }
            if (foundCount == 0) {
                printf("No student found with the name of %s.\n", name);
            }
            break;
        }
        case 3: {
            if (currentStudentNum == 0) {
                printf("No students added yet.\n");
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < currentStudentNum; i++) {
                    printf("name: %s, id: %d, sex: %s, birthday: %s, phone: %s\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].sex, students[i].birthday, students[i].phone);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        default: {
            printf("Invalid input.\n");
            break;
        }
    }
}

4. 修改学生信息

我们可以通过输入学生的学号或姓名来修改具体某个学生的信息。

void modifyStudent() {
    printf("Please input the student id or name to modify: ");
    char input[20];
    scanf("%s", input);
    int foundIndex = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < currentStudentNum; i++) {
        if (strcmp(students[i].name, input) == 0 || students[i].id == atoi(input)) {
            foundIndex = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (foundIndex == -1) {
        printf("No student found with the name or id of %s.\n", input);
    } else {
        struct Student student;
        printf("Please input the new student name (current: %s): ", students[foundIndex].name);
        scanf("%s", student.name);
        printf("Please input the new student id (current: %d): ", students[foundIndex].id);
        scanf("%d", &student.id);
        printf("Please input the new student sex (current: %s): ", students[foundIndex].sex);
        scanf("%s", student.sex);
        printf("Please input the new student birthday (current: %s): ", students[foundIndex].birthday);
        scanf("%s", student.birthday);
        printf("Please input the new student phone (current: %s): ", students[foundIndex].phone);
        scanf("%s", student.phone);
        students[foundIndex] = student;
    }
}

5. 删除学生信息

我们可以通过输入学生的学号或姓名来删除具体某个学生的信息。

void deleteStudent() {
    printf("Please input the student id or name to delete: ");
    char input[20];
    scanf("%s", input);
    int foundIndex = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < currentStudentNum; i++) {
        if (strcmp(students[i].name, input) == 0 || students[i].id == atoi(input)) {
            foundIndex = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (foundIndex == -1) {
        printf("No student found with the name or id of %s.\n", input);
    } else {
        for (int i = foundIndex; i < currentStudentNum - 1; i++) {
            students[i] = students[i + 1];
        }
        currentStudentNum--;
        printf("Successfully deleted student.\n");
    }
}

示例说明

示例1：添加/student

在程序中输入1，然后输入学生的姓名、学号、性别、出生日期和电话号码，程序会将这个学生添加到列表中。

Please select the operation:
1. Add student.
2. Search student.
3. Modify student.
4. Delete student.
5. Exit.
1
Please input the student name: Tom
Please input the student id: 123
Please input the student sex: Male
Please input the student birthday: 1990/1/1
Please input the student phone: [phone]
Successfully added student.

示例2：查询学生信息

在程序中输入2，然后根据提示选择查询方式，可以根据学号、姓名或者全部查询学生信息。

Please select the operation:
1. Add student.
2. Search student.
3. Modify student.
4. Delete student.
5. Exit.
2
Please select the search method:
1. Search by student id.
2. Search by student name.
3. Search all students.
3
name: Tom, id: 123, sex: Male, birthday: 1990/1/1, phone: [phone]

这就是“C语言实现学生信息管理程序”的完整攻略，希望对你有所帮助。