为了给你提供更详细的信息，我将按步骤列出完整的WebRTC视频聊天搭建攻略，包括示例。希望对你有所帮助。
步骤1：安装Node.js和npm
Node.js是一种基于Chrome V8 JavaScript引擎的JavaScript运行环境，用于构建服务器端应用程序。npm是一个包管理器，用于在Node.js软件包生态系统中安装和管理包。
在开始之前，请确保你已经安装了Node.js和npm。如果你还没有安装，请访问Node.js官方网站，然后按照官方指示安装。
步骤2：创建WebRTC应用程序
接下来，我们将创建一个WebRTC应用程序。在这个例子中，我们将使用Express框架和EJS模板引擎来创建一个简单的WebRTC应用。
- 使用以下命令在你的命令行中创建一个新的Express应用程序：
$ npx express-generator-webrtc myapp
- 切换到新创建的应用程序目录，并安装必需依赖项：
$ cd myapp
$ npm install
- 安装默认的视图引擎EJS：
$ npm install ejs --save
步骤3：添加WebRTC功能
$ npm install socket.io socket.io-client --save
- 修改app.js文件以添加所需的WebRTC代码。以下是修改后的app.js文件示例：
// 引入模块
var createError = require('http-errors');
var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var logger = require('morgan');
// 安装socket.io模块
var io = require('socket.io')();
// WebSocket中间件
var websocket = require('./routes/websocket')(io);
var indexRouter = require('./routes/index');
var usersRouter = require('./routes/users');
app = express();
// 安装EJS模板引擎
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
// 注册中间件
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
// 注册路由器
app.use('/', indexRouter);
app.use('/users', usersRouter);
// 启动WebSocket服务
io.attach(app.listen(process.env.PORT || 3000));
module.exports = app;
- 添加websocket.js文件到routes目录下，并添加以下代码：
var express = require('express');
var router = express.Router();
module.exports = function(io) {
io.on('connection', function(socket) {
console.log('A new WebSocket connection has been established');
// 当收到"offer"事件时，广播offer给其他Peers
socket.on('offer', function(offer) {
console.log('Offer received: ', offer);
socket.broadcast.emit('offer', offer);
});
// 当收到"answer"事件时，广播answer给其他Peers
socket.on('answer', function(answer) {
console.log('Answer received: ', answer);
socket.broadcast.emit('answer', answer);
});
// 当收到"candidate"事件时，广播candidate给其他Peers
socket.on('candidate', function(candidate) {
console.log('Candidate received: ', candidate);
socket.broadcast.emit('candidate', candidate);
});
});
return router;
};
步骤4：编写前端代码
- 给views目录中的index.ejs文件添加以下HTML和JavaScript代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>WebRTC Chat</title>
</head>
<body>
<video id="localVideo" width="320" height="240" autoplay muted></video>
<video id="remoteVideo" width="320" height="240" autoplay></video>
<br>
<button id="callButton">Call</button>
<button id="hangupButton">Hang Up</button>
</body>
<!-- 引入socket.io-client模块 -->
<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
<script>
// 创建WebSocket连接
var socket = io.connect();
// 获取本地音频/视频流
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true, video: true })
.then(function(stream) {
// 显示本地视频流
var localVideo = document.querySelector('#localVideo');
localVideo.srcObject = stream;
// 发送"offer"事件到服务器
var pc = new RTCPeerConnection();
stream.getTracks().forEach(function(track) {
pc.addTrack(track, stream);
});
pc.createOffer()
.then(function(offer) {
return pc.setLocalDescription(offer);
})
.then(function() {
socket.emit('offer', pc.localDescription);
});
// 监听服务器发送的"offer"事件
socket.on('offer', function(offer) {
pc.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(offer))
.then(function() {
return pc.createAnswer();
})
.then(function(answer) {
return pc.setLocalDescription(answer);
})
.then(function() {
socket.emit('answer', pc.localDescription);
});
});
// 监听服务器发送的"answer"事件
socket.on('answer', function(answer) {
pc.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(answer));
});
// 监听服务器发送的"candidate"事件
socket.on('candidate', function(candidate) {
pc.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(candidate));
});
// 显示远程视频流
pc.ontrack = function(event) {
var remoteVideo = document.querySelector('#remoteVideo');
remoteVideo.srcObject = event.streams[0];
};
})
.catch(function(err) {
console.log(err);
});
// 点击“Hang Up”按钮时，关闭RTC连接
document.querySelector('#hangupButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
socket.emit('hangup');
});
</script>
</html>
步骤5：运行WebRTC应用
运行以下命令来启动WebRTC应用程序：
$ npm start
在浏览器中访问http://localhost:3000，你应该能看到两个视频框和两个按钮：“Call”和“Hang Up”。
在一个浏览器窗口中点击“Call”按钮，在另一个窗口的浏览器中点击“Answer”按钮。然后你会看到两个视频框中显示相应的视频流。
这就是我们的完整WebRTC视频聊天搭建攻略。
示例1：
我有一个名为WebRTC-Example的Git仓库，演示了如何使用WebRTC在浏览器中创建视频聊天。以下是该示例的完整代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>WebRTC Example</title>
<style>
video {
width: 50%;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.btn {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 20px;
padding: 10px 20px;
background-color: #0095DD;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>WebRTC Example</h1>
<video id="localVideo"></video>
<video id="remoteVideo"></video>
<button id="startButton" class="btn">Start</button>
<button id="callButton" class="btn" disabled>Call</button>
<button id="hangupButton" class="btn" disabled>Hang Up</button>
<script>
const localVideo = document.querySelector('#localVideo');
const remoteVideo = document.querySelector('#remoteVideo');
const startButton = document.querySelector('#startButton');
const callButton = document.querySelector('#callButton');
const hangupButton = document.querySelector('#hangupButton');
let localStream;
let pc1;
let pc2;
function start() {
startButton.disabled = true;
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true, video: true })
.then(function(stream) {
localStream = stream;
localVideo.srcObject = localStream;
callButton.disabled = false;
})
.catch(function(e) {
console.log(e);
});
}
function call() {
callButton.disabled = true;
hangupButton.disabled = false;
const servers = null;
pc1 = new RTCPeerConnection(servers);
pc1.onicecandidate = function(event) {
pc2.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(event.candidate));
}
pc2 = new RTCPeerConnection(servers);
pc2.onicecandidate = function(event) {
pc1.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(event.candidate));
}
pc2.onaddstream = function(event) {
remoteVideo.srcObject = event.stream;
}
pc1.addStream(localStream);
pc1.createOffer(function(offer) {
pc1.setLocalDescription(offer);
pc2.setRemoteDescription(offer);
pc2.createAnswer(function(answer) {
pc2.setLocalDescription(answer);
pc1.setRemoteDescription(answer);
}, function() {
console.log('Failure callback');
})
}, function() {
console.log('Failure callback');
});
}
function hangup() {
pc1.close();
pc2.close();
pc1 = null;
pc2 = null;
hangupButton.disabled = true;
callButton.disabled = false;
}
startButton.onclick = start;
callButton.onclick = call;
hangupButton.onclick = hangup;
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例2：
我们假设你已经在本地服务器上拥有一个名为“webrtc”的应用程序，并已安装了Express、Socket.io和EJS。现在我们来看看如何在这个应用程序中实现WebRTC视频聊天。以下是我们的完整示例代码：
app.js文件：
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
// 引入socket.io模块并创建一个新的WebSocket Server
const server = require('http').createServer(app);
const io = require('socket.io')(server);
// 设置视图引擎
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
// 定义路由
app.get('/', function(req, res, next) {
res.render('index');
});
io.on('connection', function(socket){
console.log('A user connected');
socket.on('disconnect', function(){
console.log('A user disconnected');
});
socket.on('offer', function(offer) {
console.log('Offer received: ', offer);
socket.broadcast.emit('offer', offer);
});
socket.on('answer', function(answer) {
console.log('Answer received: ', answer);
socket.broadcast.emit('answer', answer);
});
socket.on('candidate', function(candidate) {
console.log('Candidate received: ', candidate);
socket.broadcast.emit('candidate', candidate);
});
});
server.listen(process.env.PORT || 3000, function() {
console.log('Server listening on port 3000');
});
index.ejs文件：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>WebRTC Video Chat</title>
<style>
video {
width: 50%;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.btn {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 20px;
padding: 10px 20px;
background-color: #0095DD;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>WebRTC Video Chat</h1>
<video id="localVideo"></video>
<video id="remoteVideo"></video>
<button id="callButton" class="btn" onclick="call()">Call</button>
<button id="hangupButton" class="btn" onclick="hangup()" disabled>Hang Up</button>
</body>
<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
<script>
const localVideo = document.querySelector('#localVideo');
const remoteVideo = document.querySelector('#remoteVideo');
const callButton = document.querySelector('#callButton');
const hangupButton = document.querySelector('#hangupButton');
let localStream;
let pc1;
let pc2;
function call() {
callButton.disabled = true;
hangupButton.disabled = false;
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true, video: true })
.then(function(stream) {
localStream = stream;
localVideo.srcObject = localStream;
// 创建peer连接1，并添加本地流
pc1 = new RTCPeerConnection();
pc1.addStream(localStream);
// 创建peer连接2
pc2 = new RTCPeerConnection();
// 发送offer到服务器
pc1.createOffer(function(offer) {
pc1.setLocalDescription(offer);
socket.emit('offer', offer);
}, function() {
console.log('Failure callback');
});
// 监听服务器发送的answer并将其设置为远程描述
socket.on('answer', function(answer) {
pc1.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(answer));
});
// 监听服务器发送的offer，当收到offer时，向服务器发送answer，并将description设置为本地描述
socket.on('offer', function(offer) {
pc2.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(offer));
pc2.createAnswer(function(answer) {
pc2.setLocalDescription(answer);
socket.emit('answer', answer);
}, function() {
console.log('Failure callback');
});
});
// 监听服务器发送的candidate
socket.on('candidate', function(candidate) {
pc2.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(candidate));
});
// 将媒体流添加到远程PeerConnection
pc2.onaddstream = function(event) {
remoteVideo.srcObject = event.stream;
};
// 将PeerConnection1的candidate添加到PeerConnection2
pc1.onicecandidate = function(event) {
if (event.candidate) {
socket.emit('candidate', event.candidate);
}
};
// 将PeerConnection2的candidate添加到PeerConnection1
pc2.onicecandidate = function(event) {
if (event.candidate) {
pc1.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(event.candidate));
}
};
})
.catch(function(e) {
console.log(e);
});
}
function hangup() {
pc1.close();
pc2.close();
pc1 = null;
pc2 = null;
hangupButton.disabled = true;
callButton.disabled = false;
}
</script>
</html>
这就是我们的完整示例，你可以将它与你的实际应用程序结合起来，以构建你自己的WebRTC视频聊天应用程序。
本站文章如无特殊说明，均为本站原创，如若转载，请注明出处：5分钟搭建一个WebRTC视频聊天 - Python技术站
微信扫一扫 
支付宝扫一扫 