Spring Security+JWT实现认证与授权的实现

下面我就来详细讲解一下“Spring Security+JWT实现认证与授权的实现”的完整攻略。

一、准备工作

在开始讲解实现的过程之前，我们需要先进行一些准备工作：

1. 在项目的pom.xml文件中引入相应的依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>

1. 创建一个自定义的UserDetailsService，用于查询用户信息：

@Service
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("User Not Found with username: " + username));

        return UserDetailsImpl.build(user);
    }
}

1. 创建一个JwtUtils工具类，用于生成Token、解析Token等操作：

@Component
public class JwtUtils {

    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;

    @Value("${jwt.expiration}")
    private int expiration;

    public String generateJwtToken(Authentication authentication) {

        UserDetailsImpl userPrincipal = (UserDetailsImpl) authentication.getPrincipal();

        return Jwts.builder()
                .setSubject((userPrincipal.getUsername()))
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())
                .setExpiration(new Date((new Date()).getTime() + expiration * 1000))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret)
                .compact();
    }

    public String getUsernameFromJwtToken(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject();
    }

    public boolean validateJwtToken(String authToken) {
        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
            return true;
        } catch (SignatureException e) {
            logger.error("Invalid JWT signature: {}", e.getMessage());
        } catch (MalformedJwtException e) {
            logger.error("Invalid JWT token: {}", e.getMessage());
        } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
            logger.error("JWT token is expired: {}", e.getMessage());
        } catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {
            logger.error("JWT token is unsupported: {}", e.getMessage());
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            logger.error("JWT claims string is empty: {}", e.getMessage());
        }

        return false;
    }
}

二、完成认证与授权实现

在完成了上面的准备工作之后，我们可以开始完成认证与授权的实现了。

1. 创建一个JwtTokenFilter过滤器，用于拦截请求并验证Token：

@Component
public class JwtTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    @Autowired
    private JwtUtils jwtUtils;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            String jwt = parseJwt(request);
            if (jwt != null && jwtUtils.validateJwtToken(jwt)) {
                String username = jwtUtils.getUsernameFromJwtToken(jwt);

                UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
                authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));

                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Cannot set user authentication: {}", e);
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private String parseJwt(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String headerAuth = request.getHeader("Authorization");

        if (StringUtils.hasText(headerAuth) && headerAuth.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            return headerAuth.substring(7, headerAuth.length());
        }

        return null;
    }
}

1. 创建一个JwtAuthEntryPoint，用于处理未经过授权的请求：

@Component
public class JwtAuthEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {

    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException {
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, "Error: Unauthorized");
    }
}

1. 在SecurityConfig中进行配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;

    @Autowired
    private JwtAuthEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler;

    @Bean
    public JwtTokenFilter authenticationJwtTokenFilter() {
        return new JwtTokenFilter();
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
        authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }

    @Bean
    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.cors().and().csrf().disable()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/api/auth/**")
                .permitAll()
                .anyRequest()
                .authenticated()
                .and()
                .exceptionHandling()
                .authenticationEntryPoint(unauthorizedHandler)
                .and()
                .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);

        http.addFilterBefore(authenticationJwtTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

三、示例1：实现用户登录

我们来看一个实现用户登录的示例：

1. 创建一个AuthService用于处理用户登录请求：

@Service
public class AuthService {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private JwtUtils jwtUtils;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;

    public JwtResponse authenticateUser(LoginRequest loginRequest) {

        Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(
                new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword()));

        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        String jwt = jwtUtils.generateJwtToken(authentication);

        UserDetailsImpl userDetails = (UserDetailsImpl) authentication.getPrincipal();
        List<String> roles = userDetails.getAuthorities().stream()
                .map(item -> item.getAuthority())
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        return new JwtResponse(jwt, userDetails.getId(), userDetails.getUsername(), userDetails.getEmail(), roles);
    }
}

1. 创建一个Controller，用于处理登录请求：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private AuthService authService;

    @PostMapping("/signin")
    public ResponseEntity<?> authenticateUser(@Validated @RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {

        JwtResponse jwtResponse = authService.authenticateUser(loginRequest);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(jwtResponse);
    }
}

四、示例2：实现角色权限控制

我们来看另一个示例，实现角色权限控制。

1. 创建一个SecuredController用于测试用户是否具有角色权限：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class SecuredController {

    @GetMapping("/test")
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")
    public String userAccess() {
        return "User Content.";
    }

    @GetMapping("/admin")
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    public String adminAccess() {
        return "Admin Board.";
    }
}

1. 在RoleEnum中定义角色：

public enum RoleEnum {

    ROLE_USER,
    ROLE_ADMIN
}

1. 在UserDetailsImpl中重写getAuthorities方法：

@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
    return roles.stream().map(role -> new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName().name())).collect(Collectors.toList());
}

五、总结

通过上面的几个步骤，我们实现了基于Spring Security和JWT的认证与授权实现，并且还给出了两个示例来演示如何实现用户登录和角色权限控制。希望这篇文章能够对你有所帮助。