安装memcached服务,并启动添加数据
yum -y install memcached systemctl start memcached.service 启动 [root@python ~]# telnet 127.0.0.1 11211 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'. set hello 0 0 5 world STORED get hello VALUE hello 0 5 world END set gzipkey 2 0 3 chx STORED get gzipkey VALUE gzipkey 2 3 chx END
nginx默认就支持此功能
配置
server { server_name memcached.com; default_type text/plain; location /get { set $memcached_key "$arg_key"; #?表示?是key memcached_gzip_flag 2; # 识别压缩的内容 memcached_pass 127.0.0.1:11211; 地址 } }
测试
[root@python vhast]# curl memcached.com/get?key=gzipkey -I #key代giz字眼 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.15.9 Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 09:45:51 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 3 Connection: keep-alive Content-Encoding: gzip 识别 Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@python vhast]# curl memcached.com/get?key=hello -I #没有 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.15.9 Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 09:46:10 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 5 Connection: keep-alive Accept-Ranges: bytes
配置
[root@python vhast]# cat memcached.conf server { server_name memcached.com; default_type text/plain; location /get { set $memcached_key "$arg_key"; #memcached_gzip_flag 2; memcached_pass 127.0.0.1:11211; } }
测试
[root@python vhast]# curl memcached.com/get?key=gzipkey -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.15.9 Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 09:48:12 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 3 Connection: keep-alive Accept-Ranges: bytes
构建websocket反向代理
配置指令
proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
协议升级
借助互联网上的http://echo.websocket.org/echo.html
server { server_name cx.websocket.com; default_type text/plain; access_log logs/ws.log; location / { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"; proxy_pass http://echo.websocket.org; } }
分片提升缓存效率;slice模块默认未编译进去
指令编译进nginx里
cd ~/nginx-1.15.9/ ./configure --prefix=/data/web --sbin-path=/usr/bin --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_sub_module --add-module=/root/nginx-http-concat --with-http_addition_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/root/ngx_cache_purge --with-http_slice_module [root@python nginx-1.15.9]# mv /usr/bin/nginx{,.07.18.18.33} [root@python nginx-1.15.9]# cp objs/nginx /usr/bin/
工作流程
指令介绍
Syntax: slice size; Default: slice 0; Context: http, server, location 功能通过range协议将大文件分解多个小文件,更好的用缓存为客户端的range协议服务
配置
[root@python vhast]# cat cache.conf proxy_cache_path /data/web/cache levels=2:2 keys_zone=two:10m loader_threshold=300 loader_files=200 max_size=200m inactive=1m; server { server_name cache.com; error_log logs/cacgeee.log debug; access_log logs/cache.log main; root html/; location ~/purge(/.*) { proxy_cache_purge two $scheme$1; } location /{ proxy_cache two; slice 1m; #切分没片大小 proxy_cache_valid 200 206 1m; add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status; proxy_set_header Range $slice_range; #吧客户端协议发送到上游服务器 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8012; } }
open_file_cache提升系统性能
指令
Syntax: open_file_cache off; open_file_cache max=N [inactive=time]; 最多缓存多少文件,在内存里而非共享内存 跟时间在这个时间内没有访问就移除缓存列表 Default: open_file_cache off; Context: http, server, location
缓存的内容
其他open_file_cache的指令
Syntax: open_file_cache_errors on | off; 错误的是否缓存 Default: open_file_cache_errors off; Context: http, server, location Syntax: open_file_cache_min_uses number; 至少访问多少次才留在缓存中 Default: open_file_cache_min_uses 1; Context: http, server, location Syntax: open_file_cache_valid time; 多长时间建成一次缓存内容是否有效 Default: open_file_cache_valid 60s; Context: http, server, location
上游服务器配置
[root@python ~]# cat /data/web/conf/vhast/open.conf server { listen 8092; root html; location /{ #open_file_cache max=10 inactive=60s; #open_file_cache_min_uses 1; #open_file_cache_valid 60s; #open_file_cache_errors on; } }
使用strace追踪
[root@python vhast]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 10241 1 0 19:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 10242 10241 0 19:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 10243 10241 0 19:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process nginx 10244 10241 0 19:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process root 10246 7257 0 19:16 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@python vhast]# strace -p 10242 strace: Process 10242 attached epoll_wait(25 [root@python ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:8092 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> [root@python vhast]# strace -p 10242 strace: Process 10242 attached epoll_wait(25, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=9643568, u64=9643568}}], 512, -1) = 1 accept4(20, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(36974), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16], SOCK_NONBLOCK) = 28 epoll_ctl(25, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 28, {EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP|EPOLLET, {u32=9644768, u64=9644768}}) = 0 epoll_wait(25, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=9644768, u64=9644768}}], 512, 60000) = 1 recvfrom(28, "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: curl"..., 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = 78 stat("/data/web/html/index.html", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=612, ...}) = 0 open("/data/web/html/index.html", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK) = 29 fstat(29, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=612, ...}) = 0 writev(28, [{"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: nginx/1"..., 238}], 1) = 238 sendfile(28, 29, [0] => [612], 612) = 612 write(4, "127.0.0.1 - - [18/Jul/2019:19:17"..., 159) = 159 close(29) = 0 setsockopt(28, SOL_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, [1], 4) = 0 epoll_wait(25, [{EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP, {u32=9644768, u64=9644768}}], 512, 65000) = 1 recvfrom(28, "", 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = 0 close(28) = 0 epoll_wait(25, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=9644528, u64=9644528}}], 512, -1) = 1 recvmsg(24, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"\2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\4(\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\377\377\377\377\0\0\0\0", 32}], msg_contr ollen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32close(27) = 0 recvmsg(24, 0x7ffd793995a0, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
修改配置启用open_file_cache
[root@python ~]# cat /data/web/conf/vhast/open.conf server { listen 8092; root html; location /{ open_file_cache max=10 inactive=60s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; open_file_cache_valid 60s; open_file_cache_errors on;
测试
[root@python vhast]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 10241 1 0 19:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 10278 10241 0 19:23 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 10279 10241 0 19:23 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process root 10282 7257 0 19:23 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@python vhast]# strace -p 10278 strace: Process 10278 attached epoll_wait(6, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=10106432, u64=10106432}}], 512, -1) = 1 accept4(20, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(36976), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16], SOCK_NONBLOCK) = 3 epoll_ctl(6, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 3, {EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP|EPOLLET, {u32=10107632, u64=10107632}}) = 0 epoll_wait(6, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=10107632, u64=10107632}}], 512, 60000) = 1 recvfrom(3, "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: curl"..., 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = 78 open("/data/web/html/index.html", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK) = 8主意只打一次 fstat(8, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=612, ...}) = 0 writev(3, [{"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: nginx/1"..., 238}], 1) = 238 sendfile(3, 8, [0] => [612], 612) = 612 write(27, "127.0.0.1 - - [18/Jul/2019:19:25"..., 159) = 159 setsockopt(3, SOL_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, [1], 4) = 0 epoll_wait(6, [{EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP, {u32=10107632, u64=10107632}}], 512, 65000) = 1 recvfrom(3, "", 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = 0 close(3) = 0 epoll_wait(6, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=10106432, u64=10106432}}], 512, -1) = 1 accept4(20, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(36978), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16], SOCK_NONBLOCK) = 3 epoll_ctl(6, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 3, {EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP|EPOLLET, {u32=10107633, u64=10107633}}) = 0 epoll_wait(6, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=10107633, u64=10107633}}], 512, 60000) = 1 recvfrom(3, "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: curl"..., 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = 78 writev(3, [{"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: nginx/1"..., 238}], 1) = 238 sendfile(3, 8, [0] => [612], 612) = 612 write(27, "127.0.0.1 - - [18/Jul/2019:19:25"..., 159) = 159 setsockopt(3, SOL_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, [1], 4) = 0 epoll_wait(6, [{EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP, {u32=10107633, u64=10107633}}], 512, 65000) = 1 recvfrom(3, "", 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = 0 close(3) = 0 epoll_wait(6, ^Cstrace: Process 10278 detached <detached ...>
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