下面是“一口气说出Java 6种延时队列的实现方法(面试官也得服)”的完整攻略,包含两个示例说明。
简介
延时队列是一种特殊的队列,它可以在一定时间后才将元素出队。在Java中,我们可以使用多种方式来实现延时队列。本文将介绍Java中6种常见的延时队列实现方法,并提供两个示例说明。
方法一:使用Timer
Java中的Timer
类可以用于定时执行任务。我们可以使用Timer
来实现延时队列。具体来说,我们可以使用Timer
来定时将元素从队列中取出。代码如下:
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<DelayedElement> queue = new DelayQueue<>();
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
DelayedElement element = queue.take();
System.out.println("Take element: " + element);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, 0, 1000);
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 1", 5000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 2", 10000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 3", 15000));
}
static class DelayedElement implements Delayed {
private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expireTime;
public DelayedElement(String name, long delayTime) {
this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(expireTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
return Long.compare(this.expireTime, ((DelayedElement) o).expireTime);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DelayedElement{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", delayTime=" + delayTime +
", expireTime=" + expireTime +
'}';
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用DelayQueue
作为延时队列,使用Timer
定时将元素从队列中取出。我们定义了DelayedElement
类来表示延时元素,实现了Delayed
接口。在getDelay
方法中,我们计算了元素的剩余延时时间。在compareTo
方法中,我们根据元素的过期时间进行比较。
方法二:使用ScheduledExecutorService
Java中的ScheduledExecutorService
接口可以用于定时执行任务。我们可以使用ScheduledExecutorService
来实现延时队列。具体来说,我们可以使用ScheduledExecutorService
来定时将元素从队列中取出。代码如下:
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<DelayedElement> queue = new DelayQueue<>();
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
executor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> {
try {
DelayedElement element = queue.take();
System.out.println("Take element: " + element);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 1", 5000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 2", 10000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 3", 15000));
}
static class DelayedElement implements Delayed {
private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expireTime;
public DelayedElement(String name, long delayTime) {
this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(expireTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
return Long.compare(this.expireTime, ((DelayedElement) o).expireTime);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DelayedElement{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", delayTime=" + delayTime +
", expireTime=" + expireTime +
'}';
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用DelayQueue
作为延时队列,使用ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
定时将元素从队列中取出。我们定义了DelayedElement
类来表示延时元素,实现了Delayed
接口。在getDelay
方法中,我们计算了元素的剩余延时时间。在compareTo
方法中,我们根据元素的过期时间进行比较。
方法三:使用BlockingQueue和Thread
Java中的BlockingQueue
接口可以用于实现队列。我们可以使用BlockingQueue
和Thread
来实现延时队列。具体来说,我们可以使用Thread
来定时将元素从队列中取出。代码如下:
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<DelayedElement> queue = new DelayQueue<>();
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
try {
DelayedElement element = queue.take();
System.out.println("Take element: " + element);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
thread.start();
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 1", 5000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 2", 10000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 3", 15000));
}
static class DelayedElement implements Delayed {
private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expireTime;
public DelayedElement(String name, long delayTime) {
this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(expireTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
return Long.compare(this.expireTime, ((DelayedElement) o).expireTime);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DelayedElement{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", delayTime=" + delayTime +
", expireTime=" + expireTime +
'}';
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用DelayQueue
作为延时队列,使用Thread
定时将元素从队列中取出。我们定义了DelayedElement
类来表示延时元素,实现了Delayed
接口。在getDelay
方法中,我们计算了元素的剩余延时时间。在compareTo
方法中,我们根据元素的过期时间进行比较。
方法四:使用PriorityQueue和Thread
Java中的PriorityQueue
类可以用于实现优先队列。我们可以使用PriorityQueue
和Thread
来实现延时队列。具体来说,我们可以使用Thread
来定时将元素从队列中取出。代码如下:
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Queue<DelayedElement> queue = new PriorityQueue<>();
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
DelayedElement element = queue.peek();
if (element != null && element.getDelay(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) <= 0) {
element = queue.poll();
System.out.println("Take element: " + element);
}
}
});
thread.start();
queue.offer(new DelayedElement("Element 1", 5000));
queue.offer(new DelayedElement("Element 2", 10000));
queue.offer(new DelayedElement("Element 3", 15000));
}
static class DelayedElement implements Delayed {
private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expireTime;
public DelayedElement(String name, long delayTime) {
this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(expireTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
return Long.compare(this.expireTime, ((DelayedElement) o).expireTime);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DelayedElement{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", delayTime=" + delayTime +
", expireTime=" + expireTime +
'}';
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用PriorityQueue
作为延时队列,使用Thread
定时将元素从队列中取出。我们定义了DelayedElement
类来表示延时元素,实现了Delayed
接口。在getDelay
方法中,我们计算了元素的剩余延时时间。在compareTo
方法中,我们根据元素的过期时间进行比较。
方法五:使用PriorityBlockingQueue和Thread
Java中的PriorityBlockingQueue
类可以用于实现优先队列。我们可以使用PriorityBlockingQueue
和Thread
来实现延时队列。具体来说,我们可以使用Thread
来定时将元素从队列中取出。代码如下:
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<DelayedElement> queue = new PriorityBlockingQueue<>();
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
try {
DelayedElement element = queue.take();
System.out.println("Take element: " + element);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
thread.start();
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 1", 5000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 2", 10000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Element 3", 15000));
}
static class DelayedElement implements Delayed {
private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expireTime;
public DelayedElement(String name, long delayTime) {
this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(expireTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
return Long.compare(this.expireTime, ((DelayedElement) o).expireTime);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DelayedElement{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", delayTime=" + delayTime +
", expireTime=" + expireTime +
'}';
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用PriorityBlockingQueue
作为延时队列,使用Thread
定时将元素从队列中取出。我们定义了DelayedElement
类来表示延时元素,实现了Delayed
接口。在getDelay
方法中,我们计算了元素的剩余延时时间。在compareTo
方法中,我们根据元素的过期时间进行比较。
方法六:使用Redis
Redis是一种高性能的键值存储数据库。我们可以使用Redis来实现延时队列。具体来说,我们可以使用Redis的zset
数据结构来存储延时元素,使用Redis的brpop
命令来阻塞等待元素过期。代码如下:
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
import java.util.Set;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), "localhost");
Jedis jedis = pool.getResource();
jedis.del("delay_queue");
jedis.del("delay_queue_lock");
Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
jedis.zadd("delay_queue", System.currentTimeMillis() + i * 5000, "Element " + i);
}
});
producer.start();
Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
Set<String> elements = jedis.zrangeByScore("delay_queue", 0, System.currentTimeMillis(), 0, 1);
if (!elements.isEmpty()) {
String element = elements.iterator().next();
jedis.zrem("delay_queue", element);
System.out.println("Take element: " + element);
}
}
});
consumer.start();
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用Redis的zset
数据结构来存储延时元素,使用Redis的brpop
命令来阻塞等待元素过期。我们使用Thread
来分别实现生产者和消费者。在生产者中,我们使用zadd
命令将元素添加到delay_queue
中。在消费者中,我们使用zrangeByScore
命令获取过期的元素,使用zrem
命令将元素从delay_queue
中删除。
示例一:使用DelayQueue实现定时任务
我们可以使用DelayQueue
来实现定时任务。具体来说,我们可以将定时任务封装成延时元素,将延时元素添加到DelayQueue
中。代码如下:
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<DelayedTask> queue = new DelayQueue<>();
queue.put(new DelayedTask("Task 1", 5000));
queue.put(new DelayedTask("Task 2", 10000));
queue.put(new DelayedTask("Task 3", 15000));
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
DelayedTask task = queue.take();
task.run();
}
}
static class DelayedTask implements Delayed, Runnable {
private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expireTime;
public DelayedTask(String name, long delayTime) {
this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(expireTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
return Long.compare(this.expireTime, ((DelayedTask) o).expireTime);
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Execute task: " + name);
}
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们使用DelayQueue
作为延时队列,将定时任务封装成延时元素,将延时元素添加到DelayQueue
中。我们定义了DelayedTask
类来表示延时元素,实现了Delayed
接口和Runnable
接口。在getDelay
方法中,我们计算了元素的剩余延时时间。在compareTo
方法中,我们根据元素的过期时间进行比较。在run
方法中,我们执行了定时任务。
示例二:使用Redis实现分布式锁
我们可以使用Redis的setnx
命令来实现分布式锁。具体来说,我们可以将锁封装成延时元素,将延时元素添加到Redis的zset
中。代码如下:
```java
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
import java.util.Set;
public class DelayQueueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), "localhost");
Jedis jedis = pool.getResource();
jedis.del("lock");
jedis.del("lock_lock");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
String lock = acquireLock(jedis, "lock", 5000);
if (lock != null) {
System.out.println("Thread 1 acquired lock");
releaseLock(jedis, "lock", lock);
System.out.println("Thread 1 released lock");
}
}
});
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
String lock = acquireLock(jedis, "lock", 5000);
if (lock != null) {
System.out.println("Thread 2 acquired
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