C#使用BinaryFormatter类、ISerializable接口、XmlSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化

序列化是将对象转换为一种格式，以便在需要时可以将其反序列化为原始对象。C#中使用以下三种方式进行序列化和反序列化：

1. BinaryFormatter类：将对象序列化为二进制格式，是.NET中最常用的序列化方式，可以将序列化后的数据存储到磁盘、内存或网络中。

2. XmlSerializer类：将对象序列化为XML格式，适合在不同平台间传输数据。

3. ISerializable接口：通过实现ISerializable接口，在序列化和反序列化过程中，控制对象的序列化行为。

以下是使用上述三种方式进行序列化和反序列化的示例：

BinaryFormatter类示例：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

[Serializable]
class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.Name = "Tom";
        person.Age = 20;

        //序列化
        BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
        formatter.Serialize(stream, person);
        byte[] data = stream.ToArray();

        //反序列化
        stream = new MemoryStream(data);
        person = formatter.Deserialize(stream) as Person;
        Console.WriteLine($"Name:{person.Name} Age:{person.Age}");
    }
}

XmlSerializer类示例：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

[Serializable]
class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.Name = "Tom";
        person.Age = 20;

        //序列化
        XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        serializer.Serialize(writer, person);
        string xml = writer.ToString();

        //反序列化
        StringReader reader = new StringReader(xml);
        person = serializer.Deserialize(reader) as Person;
        Console.WriteLine($"Name:{person.Name} Age:{person.Age}");
    }
}

ISerializable接口示例：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

[Serializable]
class Person : ISerializable
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }

    public Person() { }

    public Person(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        Name = info.GetString("Name");
        Age = info.GetInt32("Age");
    }

    public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        info.AddValue("Name", Name);
        info.AddValue("Age", Age);
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.Name = "Tom";
        person.Age = 20;

        //序列化
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
        BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        formatter.Serialize(stream, person);
        byte[] data = stream.ToArray();

        //反序列化
        stream = new MemoryStream(data);
        person = formatter.Deserialize(stream) as Person;
        Console.WriteLine($"Name:{person.Name} Age:{person.Age}");
    }
}

上述三种示例均展示了对象序列化和反序列化的基本操作，并对这三种方式进行了比较。