C#基于Socket的网络通信类你了解吗

C#基于Socket的网络通信类攻略

什么是基于Socket的网络通信？

基于Socket的网络通信是指利用Socket技术实现网络通信的过程。Socket（套接字）是一个通信端点，它包含了IP地址和端口号。在网络通信中，客户端和服务器端都需要创建Socket对象以便建立连接，进行数据传输。

C#实现基于Socket的网络通信的方式

在C#中实现基于Socket的网络通信，可以使用System.Net.Sockets中的TcpClient和TcpListener类。其中，TcpClient用于创建一个客户端Socket对象，TcpListener用于创建一个服务器端Socket对象。

客户端实现网络通信

• 创建TcpClient对象：使用TcpClient类创建一个客户端Socket对象。

TcpClient client = new TcpClient(serverHost, serverPort);

• 获取网络流：使用TcpClient对象获取网络流NetworkStream。

NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

• 发送数据：使用网络流NetworkStream将数据发送到服务器端。

byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

• 接收来自服务器端的响应：使用网络流NetworkStream接收服务器端返回的响应。

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
string response = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

• 关闭连接：使用TcpClient和NetworkStream关闭连接。

stream.Close();
client.Close();

服务器端实现网络通信

• 创建TcpListener对象：使用TcpListener类创建一个服务器端Socket对象。

TcpListener server = new TcpListener(localAddr, port);

• 开始监听：使用TcpListener对象开始监听来自客户端的连接请求。

server.Start();

• 接受连接请求：使用TcpListener对象Accept方法接受来自客户端的连接请求，并返回一个TcpClient对象。

TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();

• 获取网络流：使用TcpClient对象获取网络流NetworkStream。

NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

• 接收来自客户端的数据：使用网络流NetworkStream接收客户端发送的数据。

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
string data = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

• 发送响应：使用网络流NetworkStream将响应发送到客户端。

byte[] responseBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(response);
stream.Write(responseBuffer, 0, responseBuffer.Length);

• 关闭连接：使用TcpClient和NetworkStream关闭连接。

stream.Close();
client.Close();
server.Stop();

示例

客户端发送请求，服务器端响应

客户端代码：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        string data = "Hello from client";
        string response = "";
        string serverHost = "localhost";
        int serverPort = 12345;

        TcpClient client = new TcpClient(serverHost, serverPort);
        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
        stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

        buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
        response = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

        Console.WriteLine("Response received from server: {0}", response);

        stream.Close();
        client.Close();
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

服务器端代码：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        string response = "Hello from server";
        int port = 12345;

        TcpListener server = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, port);
        server.Start();

        TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
        string data = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

        Console.WriteLine("Data received from client: {0}", data);

        byte[] responseBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(response);
        stream.Write(responseBuffer, 0, responseBuffer.Length);

        stream.Close();
        client.Close();
        server.Stop();
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

服务器端广播消息

客户端代码：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        string data = "Hello from client";
        string response = "";
        string serverHost = "localhost";
        int serverPort = 12345;

        TcpClient client = new TcpClient(serverHost, serverPort);
        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
        stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

        buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
        response = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

        Console.WriteLine("Response received from server: {0}", response);

        stream.Close();
        client.Close();
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

服务器端代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

class Server {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        int port = 12345;
        List<TcpClient> clients = new List<TcpClient>();

        TcpListener server = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, port);
        server.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Server started on port {0}", port);

        while (true) {
            TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
            clients.Add(client);
            NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

            byte[] welcomeBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Welcome to the server!");
            stream.Write(welcomeBuffer, 0, welcomeBuffer.Length);

            Console.WriteLine("Client connected");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while (true) {
                try {
                    bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                    string data = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

                    Console.WriteLine("Data received from client: {0}", data);

                    byte[] responseBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
                    foreach(TcpClient c in clients) {
                        NetworkStream ns = c.GetStream();
                        ns.Write(responseBuffer, 0, responseBuffer.Length);
                    }
                } catch(IOException) {
                    Console.WriteLine("Client disconnected");

                    clients.Remove(client);
                    stream.Close();
                    client.Close();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

总结

基于Socket的网络通信是实现网络通信的一种方法，在C#中可以使用TcpClient和TcpListener类来实现。这种方法可以实现客户端与服务器端之间的数据传输。通过本文的讲解，我们学习了如何使用TcpClient和TcpListener类来实现基于Socket的网络通信，以及一些实用的示例，使我们了解了该技术的实际应用。