下面我会详细讲解如何使用Angular实现表格自滚动效果的完整攻略。

1. 准备工作

在开始之前，需要确保环境已经搭建好，包括Angular的开发环境和依赖。然后，需要安装两个依赖：@angular/cdk和@angular/material，这两个依赖提供了表格组件中需要的许多特性。

2. 创建表格组件

首先，需要创建一个表格组件，用于展示数据和实现自滚动效果。可以使用ng generate命令来生成组件。

ng generate component table

3. 引入MatTable和MatPaginator组件

在组件模块中，需要引入MatTableModule和MatPaginatorModule两个模块，以使其可用。

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { MatTableModule } from '@angular/material/table';
import { MatPaginatorModule } from '@angular/material/paginator';
import { TableComponent } from './table.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    TableComponent
  ],
  imports: [
    CommonModule,
    MatTableModule,
    MatPaginatorModule
  ],
  exports: [
    TableComponent
  ]
})
export class TableModule { }

4. 创建数据源

在组件中，需要创建数据源。这里为了演示方便，使用了一个数组来存储数据。可以在ngOnInit中初始化数据源。

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

export interface PeriodicElement {
  name: string;
  position: number;
  weight: number;
  symbol: string;
}

const ELEMENT_DATA: PeriodicElement[] = [
  {position: 1, name: 'Hydrogen', weight: 1.0079, symbol: 'H'},
  {position: 2, name: 'Helium', weight: 4.0026, symbol: 'He'},
  {position: 3, name: 'Lithium', weight: 6.941, symbol: 'Li'},
  {position: 4, name: 'Beryllium', weight: 9.0122, symbol: 'Be'},
  {position: 5, name: 'Boron', weight: 10.81, symbol: 'B'},
  {position: 6, name: 'Carbon', weight: 12.011, symbol: 'C'},
  {position: 7, name: 'Nitrogen', weight: 14.007, symbol: 'N'},
  {position: 8, name: 'Oxygen', weight: 15.999, symbol: 'O'},
  {position: 9, name: 'Fluorine', weight: 18.998, symbol: 'F'},
  {position: 10, name: 'Neon', weight: 20.180, symbol: 'Ne'},
];

@Component({
  selector: 'app-table',
  templateUrl: './table.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./table.component.css']
})
export class TableComponent implements OnInit {
  displayedColumns: string[] = ['position', 'name', 'weight', 'symbol'];
  dataSource: PeriodicElement[] = ELEMENT_DATA;

  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
  }
}

5. 在模板中使用MatTable和MatPaginator组件

在组件的模板中，需要使用<mat-table>和<mat-paginator>组件来展示数据并提供自滚动效果。下面是一个简单的示例：

<div class="mat-elevation-z8">
  <mat-table [dataSource]="dataSource" class="mat-elevation-z8">
    <ng-container matColumnDef="position">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> No. </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.position}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="name">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Name </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.name}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="weight">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Weight </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.weight}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="symbol">
      <mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Symbol </mat-header-cell>
      <mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.symbol}} </mat-cell>
    </ng-container>

    <mat-header-row *matHeaderRowDef="displayedColumns"></mat-header-row>
    <mat-row *matRowDef="let row; columns: displayedColumns;"></mat-row>
  </mat-table>

  <mat-paginator [pageSize]="10" [pageSizeOptions]="[5, 10, 20]"></mat-paginator>
</div>

6. 添加样式和滚动效果

最后，需要添加一些样式和滚动效果。可以在组件的样式文件中添加以下代码：

.mat-table {
  height: 300px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.mat-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
}

.mat-cell {
  flex: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  padding: 8px;
}

这些样式将会让表格具备自滚动效果。

示范1

在这个示范中，将会演示如何使用动态数据源来实现表格的自滚动效果。

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

export interface PeriodicElement {
  name: string;
  position: number;
  weight: number;
  symbol: string;
}

@Component({
  selector: 'app-table',
  templateUrl: './table.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./table.component.css']
})
export class TableComponent implements OnInit {
  displayedColumns: string[] = ['position', 'name', 'weight', 'symbol'];
  dataSource: PeriodicElement[] = [];

  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.fetchData();
  }

  fetchData(): void {
    setTimeout(() => {
      this.dataSource = [
        {position: 1, name: 'Hydrogen', weight: 1.0079, symbol: 'H'},
        {position: 2, name: 'Helium', weight: 4.0026, symbol: 'He'},
        {position: 3, name: 'Lithium', weight: 6.941, symbol: 'Li'},
        {position: 4, name: 'Beryllium', weight: 9.0122, symbol: 'Be'},
        {position: 5, name: 'Boron', weight: 10.81, symbol: 'B'},
        {position: 6, name: 'Carbon', weight: 12.011, symbol: 'C'},
        {position: 7, name: 'Nitrogen', weight: 14.007, symbol: 'N'},
        {position: 8, name: 'Oxygen', weight: 15.999, symbol: 'O'},
        {position: 9, name: 'Fluorine', weight: 18.998, symbol: 'F'},
        {position: 10, name: 'Neon', weight: 20.180, symbol: 'Ne'},
      ];

      this.fetchData();
    }, 2000);
  }
}

使用setTimeout来模拟异步获取数据，每隔两秒更新一次数据源，展示动态加载的效果。

示范2

在这个示范中，将会演示如何实现表格的水平滚动效果。

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

export interface PeriodicElement {
  name: string;
  position: number;
  weight: number;
  symbol: string;
}

@Component({
  selector: 'app-table',
  templateUrl: './table.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./table.component.css']
})
export class TableComponent implements OnInit {
  displayedColumns: string[] = ['position', 'name', 'weight', 'symbol'];
  dataSource: PeriodicElement[] = [];

  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.dataSource = [
      {position: 1, name: 'Hydrogen', weight: 1.0079, symbol: 'H'},
      {position: 2, name: 'Helium', weight: 4.0026, symbol: 'He'},
      {position: 3, name: 'Lithium', weight: 6.941, symbol: 'Li'},
      {position: 4, name: 'Beryllium', weight: 9.0122, symbol: 'Be'},
      {position: 5, name: 'Boron', weight: 10.81, symbol: 'B'},
      {position: 6, name: 'Carbon', weight: 12.011, symbol: 'C'},
      {position: 7, name: 'Nitrogen', weight: 14.007, symbol: 'N'},
      {position: 8, name: 'Oxygen', weight: 15.999, symbol: 'O'},
      {position: 9, name: 'Fluorine', weight: 18.998, symbol: 'F'},
      {position: 10, name: 'Neon', weight: 20.180, symbol: 'Ne'},
      {position: 11, name: 'Sodium', weight: 22.990, symbol: 'Na'},
      {position: 12, name: 'Magnesium', weight: 24.305, symbol: 'Mg'},
      {position: 13, name: 'Aluminum', weight: 26.982, symbol: 'Al'},
      {position: 14, name: 'Silicon', weight: 28.086, symbol: 'Si'},
      {position: 15, name: 'Phosphorus', weight: 30.974, symbol: 'P'},
      {position: 16, name: 'Sulfur', weight: 32.066, symbol: 'S'},
      {position: 17, name: 'Chlorine', weight: 35.453, symbol: 'Cl'},
      {position: 18, name: 'Argon', weight: 39.948, symbol: 'Ar'},
      {position: 19, name: 'Potassium', weight: 39.098, symbol: 'K'},
      {position: 20, name: 'Calcium', weight: 40.078, symbol: 'Ca'},
    ];
  }
}

在这里只展示了部分数据源，为了观察效果。在模板中，需要将表格以及其外层容器设置宽度，并给表格添加matTableResponsive指令。

<div class="mat-elevation-z8" style="width: 500px;overflow-x: auto;">
  <table mat-table [dataSource]="dataSource" class="mat-elevation-z8" matTableResponsive>
    <!-- 表头 -->
    <ng-container matColumnDef="position">
      <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> No. </th>
      <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.position}} </td>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="name">
      <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Name </th>
      <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.name}} </td>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="weight">
      <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Weight </th>
      <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.weight}} </td>
    </ng-container>

    <ng-container matColumnDef="symbol">
      <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Symbol </th>
      <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.symbol}} </td>
    </ng-container>

    <!-- 表格内容 -->
    <tr mat-header-row *matHeaderRowDef="displayedColumns"></tr>
    <tr mat-row *matRowDef="let row; columns: displayedColumns;"></tr>
  </table>
</div>

这样，表格就具备了水平滚动效果。

这就是使用Angular实现表格自滚动效果的完整攻略，希望能对你有所帮助！

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Angular实现表格自滚动效果