Spring Boot Security从入门到实战示例教程

Spring Boot Security是基于Spring Boot和Spring Security开发的一套web应用安全框架。它强化了基于Spring的应用程序的安全性，同时还保持了生产就绪型的特性。

以下是Spring Boot Security的入门到实战示例教程：

一、Spring Boot Security入门

1.1 引入Spring Boot Security依赖

在pom.xml文件中引入以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

1.2 配置默认的Spring Boot Security

在Spring Boot的启动类中添加以下配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
}

1.3 配置Spring Boot Security认证

在Spring Boot的启动类中添加以下配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                .withUser("user").password("password").roles("USER");
    }
}

1.4 配置Spring Boot Security授权

在Spring Boot的启动类中添加以下配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and()
                .formLogin()
                .and()
                .httpBasic();
    }
}

二、Spring Boot Security实战示例

2.1 实例一：基于数据库的认证和授权

2.1.1 引入相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-data</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.1.2 配置数据源

在application.properties文件中添加以下配置：

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=

2.1.3 实现UserDetailsService接口

在Spring Boot的启动类中添加以下配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.jdbcAuthentication().dataSource(dataSource)
                .usersByUsernameQuery("select username, password, enabled from users where username = ?")
                .authoritiesByUsernameQuery("select username, authority from authorities where username = ?");
    }
}

2.1.4 配置授权

在Spring Boot的启动类中添加以下配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
                .antMatchers("/user/**").hasAnyRole("USER", "ADMIN")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().formLogin().loginPage("/login").permitAll()
                .and()
                .logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/").permitAll();
    }
}

2.2 实例二：自定义认证和授权

从另一方面来说，向Spring Security添加自定义的认证和授权机制。

2.2.1 实现UserDetailsService接口

创建一个名为MyUserDetailsService的类，实现UserDetailsService接口。在loadUserByUsername方法中，实现自定义的用户验证逻辑。

@Service
public class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {

        User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username);

        if (user == null) {
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User not found.");
        }

        return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(),
                AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList(user.getRoles()));
    }
}

2.2.2 实现AuthenticationProvider接口

在自定义的AuthenticationProvider中实现自定义的认证逻辑。重写authenticate方法并在其中实现自定义的认证逻辑。

@Component
public class MyAuthenticationProvider implements AuthenticationProvider {

    @Autowired
    private MyUserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Override
    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
        String name = authentication.getName();
        String password = authentication.getCredentials().toString();

        UserDetails user = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(name);
        if (user == null || !password.equals(user.getPassword())) {
            throw new BadCredentialsException("Authentication failed.");
        }

        return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user, password, user.getAuthorities());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) {
        return authentication.equals(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class);
    }
}

2.2.3 配置认证和授权

在Spring Boot的启动类中添加配置：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private MyAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
                .antMatchers("/user/**").hasAnyRole("USER", "ADMIN")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().formLogin().loginPage("/login").permitAll()
                .and()
                .logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/").permitAll();
    }
}

以上就是Spring Boot Security的入门到实战示例教程。我们可以选择适合自己的方式实现认证和授权。