Java并发数据包Exchanger是一个线程间协作的工具,它可以在两个线程之间交换数据。Exchanger能够提供更强大的数据交换功能,它在两个线程之间允许数据交换过程是同步的,也就是说,一个线程在Exchanger调用exchange方法时会一直等待直到另外一个线程也调用exchange方法后才会继续进行,否则会一直阻塞。
Exchanger通过一对线程之间交换数据来解决同步问题,线程会等待彼此进行数据传输,一旦其中的任意一个线程初始化数据后就会建立数据交换的触发点。建立触发点后,两个线程可以同步地交换数据。
Exchanger的交换方法有两种,分别是exchanger.exchange(V v)和exchanger.exchange(V v, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)。
使用Exchanger要注意以下几点:
-
Exchanger是一种线程间通信工具,它必须在两个线程之间才能正常使用,如果只有一个线程在使用Exchanger,那么程序会一直阻塞直到另外一个线程加入。
-
Exchanger的交换过程是同步的,所以当一个线程调用exchange方法时,如果没有匹配的线程在等待交换数据,那么该线程会一直阻塞,直到另外一个线程也调用了exchange方法才会继续执行。
下面是两个使用Exchanger的示例:
示例1:
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
public class ExchangerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
String data = "Hello, I am Thread 1!";
System.out.println("Thread 1 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " before exchange");
String exchangeData = exchanger.exchange(data);
System.out.println("Thread 1 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " exchange data: " + exchangeData);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
String data = "Hello, I am Thread 2!";
System.out.println("Thread 2 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " before exchange");
String exchangeData = exchanger.exchange(data);
System.out.println("Thread 2 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " exchange data: " + exchangeData);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
Thread 1 t1 before exchange
Thread 2 t2 before exchange
Thread 2 t2 exchange data: Hello, I am Thread 1!
Thread 1 t1 exchange data: Hello, I am Thread 2!
示例2:
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
public class ExchangerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Exchanger<Integer> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
int data = 1;
System.out.println("Thread 1 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " before exchange: data = " + data);
try {
data = exchanger.exchange(data);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Thread 1 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " exchange data: " + data);
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
int data = 2;
System.out.println("Thread 2 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " before exchange: data = " + data);
try {
data = exchanger.exchange(data);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Thread 2 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " exchange data: " + data);
}, "t2");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
输出结果:
Thread 1 t1 before exchange: data = 1
Thread 2 t2 before exchange: data = 2
Thread 2 t2 exchange data: 1
Thread 1 t1 exchange data: 2
以上两个示例,分别展示了两个线程之间如何通过Exchanger来进行数据交换。Exchanger是一个非常实用的工具类,在多线程处理中,可以应用于生产者和消费者之间、多个线程之间实现数据同步等场景。
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