Python+OpenCV自制AI视觉版贪吃蛇游戏

Python和OpenCV是两个非常强大的工具，可以用于开发各种应用程序，包括游戏。在本攻略中，我们将介绍如何使用Python和OpenCV自制AI视觉版贪吃蛇游戏。以下是一个完整的攻略，包含两个示例说明。

示例1：安装OpenCV

在开始之前，我们需要安装OpenCV库。可以使用以下命令在Python中安装OpenCV：

pip install opencv-python

示例2：自制AI视觉版贪吃蛇游戏

以下是一个自制AI视觉版贪吃蛇游戏的示例：

import cv2
import numpy as np
import random

# 定义常量
WIDTH = 500
HEIGHT = 500
BLOCK_SIZE = 10
FOOD_COLOR = (0, 255, 0)
SNAKE_COLOR = (255, 0, 0)
FOOD_SCORE = 10

# 定义方向常量
UP = 0
DOWN = 1
LEFT = 2
RIGHT = 3

# 定义贪吃蛇类
class Snake:
    def __init__(self):
        self.body = [(WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2)]
        self.direction = random.choice([UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT])
        self.score = 0

    def move(self):
        x, y = self.body[0]
        if self.direction == UP:
            y -= BLOCK_SIZE
        elif self.direction == DOWN:
            y += BLOCK_SIZE
        elif self.direction == LEFT:
            x -= BLOCK_SIZE
        elif self.direction == RIGHT:
            x += BLOCK_SIZE
        self.body.insert(0, (x, y))
        self.body.pop()

    def change_direction(self, direction):
        if direction == UP and self.direction != DOWN:
            self.direction = UP
        elif direction == DOWN and self.direction != UP:
            self.direction = DOWN
        elif direction == LEFT and self.direction != RIGHT:
            self.direction = LEFT
        elif direction == RIGHT and self.direction != LEFT:
            self.direction = RIGHT

    def eat_food(self):
        self.score += FOOD_SCORE
        self.body.append(self.body[-1])

    def draw(self, img):
        for x, y in self.body:
            cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x + BLOCK_SIZE, y + BLOCK_SIZE), SNAKE_COLOR, -1)

# 定义食物类
class Food:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = random.randint(0, WIDTH // BLOCK_SIZE - 1) * BLOCK_SIZE
        self.y = random.randint(0, HEIGHT // BLOCK_SIZE - 1) * BLOCK_SIZE

    def draw(self, img):
        cv2.rectangle(img, (self.x, self.y), (self.x + BLOCK_SIZE, self.y + BLOCK_SIZE), FOOD_COLOR, -1)

# 定义游戏类
class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        self.snake = Snake()
        self.food = Food()
        self.game_over = False

    def update(self):
        self.snake.move()
        if self.snake.body[0] == (self.food.x, self.food.y):
            self.snake.eat_food()
            self.food = Food()
        if self.snake.body[0][0] < 0 or self.snake.body[0][0] >= WIDTH or self.snake.body[0][1] < 0 or self.snake.body[0][1] >= HEIGHT:
            self.game_over = True
        for x, y in self.snake.body[1:]:
            if self.snake.body[0] == (x, y):
                self.game_over = True

    def draw(self, img):
        self.snake.draw(img)
        self.food.draw(img)

# 定义主函数
def main():
    # 创建窗口
    cv2.namedWindow('Snake', cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv2.resizeWindow('Snake', WIDTH, HEIGHT)

    # 创建游戏对象
    game = Game()

    # 循环游戏
    while not game.game_over:
        # 创建画布
        img = np.zeros((HEIGHT, WIDTH, 3), np.uint8)

        # 更新游戏
        game.update()

        # 绘制游戏
        game.draw(img)

        # 显示画布
        cv2.imshow('Snake', img)

        # 处理键盘事件
        key = cv2.waitKey(100)
        if key == ord('w'):
            game.snake.change_direction(UP)
        elif key == ord('s'):
            game.snake.change_direction(DOWN)
        elif key == ord('a'):
            game.snake.change_direction(LEFT)
        elif key == ord('d'):
            game.snake.change_direction(RIGHT)

    # 销毁窗口
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    # 打印分数
    print('Score:', game.snake.score)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

在这个示例中，我们首先定义了常量和方向常量。然后，我们定义了贪吃蛇类、食物类和游戏类。在主函数中，我们创建了窗口和游戏对象，并循环游戏。在每个循环中，我们创建了画布、更新游戏、绘制游戏、显示画布和处理键盘事件。最后，我们销毁窗口并打印分数。