下面是Tomcat配置https并访问http自动跳转至https的完整攻略,过程中包含两条示例说明。
准备工作
在进行Tomcat配置https之前,需要先准备以下工作:
- 申请SSL证书。可以通过CA机构购买或者免费的Let's Encrypt证书。这里以Let's Encrypt为例进行说明。
- 安装Java JDK,并配置环境变量。
- 安装Tomcat。这里以Tomcat 9为例进行说明。
配置Tomcat启用https
- 将Let's Encrypt证书文件导入Tomcat的keystore中。
sudo openssl pkcs12 -export -in fullchain.pem -inkey privkey.pem -out localhost.p12 -name tomcat -CAfile chain.pem -caname root
sudo keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass changeit -destkeypass changeit -destkeystore /path/to/your/keystore -srckeystore localhost.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass changeit -alias tomcat
- 修改Tomcat server.xml文件,在Connector节点中添加SSL配置信息。
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
keystoreFile="/path/to/your/keystore"
keystorePass="changeit"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/>
- 重启Tomcat服务器以生效。
配置http自动跳转至https
为了保证网站访问的安全性和用户体验,需要将http请求自动跳转至https。可以通过配置Tomcat的Filter来实现。
- 在web.xml文件中添加Filter配置。
<filter>
<filter-name>RedirectFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.example.RedirectFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>redirectUrl</param-name>
<param-value>https://example.com</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>RedirectFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
- 创建一个RedirectFilter类,并实现doFilter方法,用于处理Filter中的逻辑。需要在这个方法中进行http和https的判断和跳转操作。
示例1:
package com.example;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RedirectFilter implements Filter {
private String redirectUrl;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
redirectUrl = filterConfig.getInitParameter("redirectUrl");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
String url = req.getRequestURL().toString();
if (!req.isSecure()) {
res.sendRedirect(redirectUrl);
} else {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
示例2:
package com.example;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RedirectFilter implements Filter {
private String redirectUrl;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
redirectUrl = filterConfig.getInitParameter("redirectUrl");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
if (!req.isSecure()) {
String url = req.getRequestURL().toString();
res.sendRedirect(redirectUrl + req.getPathInfo());
} else {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
总结
上述就是Tomcat配置https并访问http自动跳转至https的完整攻略,通过该攻略,可以让网站访问更安全,并提高用户体验。
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