C#实现的鼠标钩子

C#实现鼠标钩子可以用来监视和控制鼠标事件，比如截取特定的鼠标事件、拦截在系统中发生的鼠标消息等。这里提供完整攻略，具体过程如下：

准备工作

在开始实现之前，需要准备以下工作：

安装Visual Studio，该IDE提供C#开发环境。选择安装.NET桌面开发工作负载，并安装所需的组件。
创建一个新的C#控制台应用程序项目。
添加一个引用System.Windows.Forms.dll，该DLL提供了Windows窗体应用程序程序集。可通过以下方法添加引用：右键单击项目->添加引用->框架->选中System.Windows.Forms.dll->单击“确定”按钮。

实现过程

声明回调代理函数Delegate

首先，在命名空间顶部，先声明回调代理函数Delegate。
csharp private delegate IntPtr LowLevelMouseProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

导入Windows API引用

为了访问Windows处理程序指针，需要导入以下Windows API引用：
```csharp
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, LowLevelMouseProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
```

定义必要变量

C#实现鼠标钩子需要一些必要的变量，如HHOOK类型的变量、类型的枚举值以及系统级鼠标事件编码。这里定义以下两个变量：
csharp private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14; private static LowLevelMouseProc _proc = HookCallback; private static IntPtr _hookID = IntPtr.Zero;

实现回调函数

实现回调函数HookCallback，该函数接收一个标准的鼠标消息结构体。
csharp private static IntPtr HookCallback(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { if (nCode >= 0 && MouseMessages.WM_LBUTTONDOWN == (MouseMessages)wParam) { // 鼠标左键按下事件发生时 MessageBox.Show("Left button down"); } return CallNextHookEx(_hookID, nCode, wParam, lParam); }

实现启动/停止鼠标钩子函数

这个方法用于启动或停止鼠标钩子。当你想要捕获鼠标事件时，使用StartHook函数，反之使用StopHook函数。
```csharp
private static void StartHook()
{
_hookID = SetHook(_proc);
}

private static void StopHook()
{
UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hookID);
}

// 辅助方法
private static IntPtr SetHook(LowLevelMouseProc proc)
{
using (Process curProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess())
using (ProcessModule curModule = curProcess.MainModule)
{
return SetWindowsHookEx(WH_MOUSE_LL, proc, GetModuleHandle(curModule.ModuleName), 0);
}
}
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);
```

示例说明

接下来举两个示例说明如何使用C#实现鼠标钩子：

示例一

在此示例中，我们将捕获鼠标左键单击事件，并向用户显示消息框。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace MouseHookDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14;
        private static LowLevelMouseProc _proc = HookCallback;
        private static IntPtr _hookID = IntPtr.Zero;

        private static IntPtr SetHook(LowLevelMouseProc proc)
        {
            using (Process curProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess())
            using (ProcessModule curModule = curProcess.MainModule)
            {
                return SetWindowsHookEx(WH_MOUSE_LL, proc, GetModuleHandle(curModule.ModuleName), 0);
            }
        }

        private delegate IntPtr LowLevelMouseProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
        private static IntPtr HookCallback(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            if (nCode >= 0 && MouseMessages.WM_LBUTTONDOWN == (MouseMessages)wParam)
            {
                // 鼠标左键按下事件发生时
                MessageBox.Show("Left button down");
            }
            return CallNextHookEx(_hookID, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }

        private static IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName)
        {
            IntPtr hModule = GetModuleHandleW(lpModuleName);
            if (hModule == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
            }
            return hModule;
        }

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, LowLevelMouseProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandleW(string lpModuleName);

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            _hookID = SetHook(_proc);
            Application.Run();
            UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hookID);
        }
    }

    internal enum MouseMessages
    {
        WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201,
        WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x0202,
        WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x0200,
        WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A,
        WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x0204,
        WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x0205
    }
}

示例二

在此示例中，我们将记录鼠标移动输入事件的坐标，并将其显示在控制台上。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace MouseHookDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14;
        private static LowLevelMouseProc _proc = HookCallback;
        private static IntPtr _hookID = IntPtr.Zero;

        private static IntPtr SetHook(LowLevelMouseProc proc)
        {
            using (Process curProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess())
            using (ProcessModule curModule = curProcess.MainModule)
            {
                return SetWindowsHookEx(WH_MOUSE_LL, proc, GetModuleHandle(curModule.ModuleName), 0);
            }
        }

        private delegate IntPtr LowLevelMouseProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
        private static IntPtr HookCallback(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            if (nCode >= 0 && MouseMessages.WM_MOUSEMOVE == (MouseMessages)wParam)
            {
                // 鼠标移动事件发生时
                MSLLHOOKSTRUCT hookStruct = (MSLLHOOKSTRUCT)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MSLLHOOKSTRUCT));
                Console.WriteLine($"X:{hookStruct.pt.x}; Y:{hookStruct.pt.y}");
            }
            return CallNextHookEx(_hookID, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }

        private static IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName)
        {
            IntPtr hModule = GetModuleHandleW(lpModuleName);
            if (hModule == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
            }
            return hModule;
        }

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, LowLevelMouseProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandleW(string lpModuleName);

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            _hookID = SetHook(_proc);
            Console.WriteLine("Mouse move input events are being monitored.");
            Console.ReadLine();
            UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hookID);
        }
    }

    internal enum MouseMessages
    {
        WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201,
        WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x0202,
        WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x0200,
        WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A,
        WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x0204,
        WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x0205
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    internal struct POINT
    {
        public int x;
        public int y;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    internal struct MSLLHOOKSTRUCT
    {
        public POINT pt;
        public uint mouseData;
        public uint flags;
        public uint time;
        public IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
    }
}

以上为C#实现鼠标钩子的攻略以及2个示例说明。

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准备工作

实现过程

示例说明

示例一

示例二

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