Python实现发送带有pdf附件的电子邮件

下面是Python实现发送带有pdf附件的电子邮件的完整攻略。

1. 准备工作

在开始编写代码之前，需要对电子邮件的相关知识进行了解和掌握，并且需要使用第三方库，如Python内置的smtplib库和email库。在使用这些库之前，需要先安装相应的库。

在开始编写代码之前，确定目标收件人的邮箱地址、电子邮件主题和主体内容。同时准备好要发送的pdf文档。

2. 编写代码

下面是一段Python代码，它实现了发送带有pdf附件的电子邮件：

import smtplib, email.utils
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email import encoders

# 准备邮件内容
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Recipient', '[e-mail]'))
msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Author', '[e-mail]'))
msg['Subject'] = 'PDF attachment'
body = MIMEText('Please see the attached PDF document.')
msg.attach(body)

# 添加附件
attachment_filename = 'document.pdf'
with open(attachment_filename, 'rb') as f:
    attachment = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    attachment.set_payload(f.read())
    encoders.encode_base64(attachment)
    attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename="{attachment_filename}"')
    msg.attach(attachment)

# 发送邮件
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.starttls()
server.login('[e-mail]', 'yourpassword')
server.sendmail('[e-mail]', '[e-mail]', msg.as_string())
server.quit()

以上代码中，我们首先使用MIMEMultipart类来创建一个多部分邮件，然后设置邮件的主题、发件人、收件人和主体内容，接着将准备好的pdf附件添加到多部分邮件中，最后使用smtplib库发送邮件。

3. 示例说明

示例1：发送多个附件

当需要发送多个pdf附件时，我们只需要将以上代码中添加附件的部分放到一个循环中，例如：

import smtplib, email.utils
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email import encoders

# 准备邮件内容
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Recipient', '[e-mail]'))
msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Author', '[e-mail]'))
msg['Subject'] = 'PDF attachments'
body = MIMEText('Please see the attached PDF documents.')
msg.attach(body)

# 添加多个附件
attachment_filenames = ['document1.pdf', 'document2.pdf', 'document3.pdf']
for attachment_filename in attachment_filenames:
    with open(attachment_filename, 'rb') as f:
        attachment = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
        attachment.set_payload(f.read())
        encoders.encode_base64(attachment)
        attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename="{attachment_filename}"')
        msg.attach(attachment)

# 发送邮件
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.starttls()
server.login('[e-mail]', 'yourpassword')
server.sendmail('[e-mail]', '[e-mail]', msg.as_string())
server.quit()

示例2：使用HTML格式的电子邮件主体内容

当需要使用HTML格式的电子邮件主体内容时，我们只需要将主体内容改为MIMEText类的一个实例，并设置subtype='html'，例如：

import smtplib, email.utils
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email import encoders

# 准备邮件内容
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Recipient', '[e-mail]'))
msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr(('Author', '[e-mail]'))
msg['Subject'] = 'PDF attachment'
body = MIMEText('<h2>Please see the attached PDF document.</h2>', 'html')
msg.attach(body)

# 添加附件
attachment_filename = 'document.pdf'
with open(attachment_filename, 'rb') as f:
    attachment = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    attachment.set_payload(f.read())
    encoders.encode_base64(attachment)
    attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename="{attachment_filename}"')
    msg.attach(attachment)

# 发送邮件
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.starttls()
server.login('[e-mail]', 'yourpassword')
server.sendmail('[e-mail]', '[e-mail]', msg.as_string())
server.quit()

以上就是Python实现发送带有pdf附件的电子邮件的完整攻略，希望对你有帮助。