Netty是一个基于Java NIO框架进行封装的网络通信框架,它的灵活性和高性能广受网络开发者的青睐。ServerBootstrap是Netty服务端的一个辅助类,用于创建服务端并对连接进行处理。下面我们就来详细讲解“netty服务端辅助类ServerBootstrap创建逻辑分析”的完整攻略。
ServerBootstrap的创建过程
- 创建并初始化ServerBootstrap对象
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
- 配置ServerBootstrap参数
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {...});
- bossGroup和workerGroup分别为接受连接和处理连接的线程组;
- NioServerSocketChannel为服务端的Channel类型;
- SO_BACKLOG为最大连接数;
-
childHandler为连接的处理器。
-
启动服务端
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
- bind()方法为绑定端口,端口号为传入的参数;
- sync()方法为阻塞直到绑定完成。
示例1:通过ServerBootstrap创建一个简单的EchoServer
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("服务器已启动,端口号:" + port);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
其中,EchoServerHandler为自定义的处理器,实现了对连接的读写操作。
示例2:通过ServerBootstrap创建一个支持https请求的WebServer
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast("ssl", new SslHandler(sslContext.newEngine(ch.alloc())));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebServerHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("服务器已启动,端口号:" + port);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
其中,通过添加SslHandler实现了对https请求的支持,HttpServerCodec和HttpObjectAggregator实现了对http请求的解析,ChunkedWriteHandler实现了对请求的文件传输,WebSocketServerProtocolHandler实现了对WebSocket的支持,WebServerHandler实现了对请求的处理。
总结
通过ServerBootstrap创建一个Netty服务端的过程包括:创建并初始化ServerBootstrap对象、配置ServerBootstrap参数、启动服务端。通过示例可以看出,ServerBootstrap的灵活性和易用性是Netty框架的核心优势之一,可以用于创建各种类型的服务端应用。
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