python实现360的字符显示界面

一、Python实现360字符显示界面

Python可以通过curses库来实现字符显示界面，其中curses库提供了在终端中操作文本界面的函数接口。接下来我们详细讲解如何使用Python的curses库来实现360的字符显示界面。

1.安装curses库：

在Windows系统下，可以使用pip来安装curses库：

pip install windows-curses

在linux系统下，可使用以下命令安装curses库：

sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev

2.创建窗口

在终端中创建一个窗口，使用以下代码：

import curses

def main(screen):
    screen.clear()
    screen.addstr(0, 0, "Hello world!")
    screen.refresh()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    curses.wrapper(main)

运行程序，可以看到在终端中出现一个显示“Hello world!”的窗口。

3.字符显示

在窗口中，使用addstr函数来输出字符：

import curses

def main(screen):
    screen.clear()
    screen.addstr(0, 0, "Hello world!")
    screen.refresh()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    curses.wrapper(main)

运行程序，可以看到在终端中出现一个显示“Hello world!”的窗口。

4.交互

可以在窗口中添加交互功能，如下所示：

import curses

def main(screen):
    screen.clear()
    screen.addstr(0, 0, "Press any key to continue...")
    screen.refresh()

    screen.getch()

    screen.clear()
    screen.addstr(0, 0, "Hello world!")
    screen.refresh()

    screen.getch()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    curses.wrapper(main)

运行程序后，会在窗口中显示“Press any key to continue...”提示，通过getch函数进入等待状态，等待用户输入任意字符。当用户输入字符后，程序会清空窗口，显示“Hello world!”，再次等待用户输入任意字符。

二、示例

下面以两个示例，进一步说明Python中使用curses库实现字符界面显示的具体操作。

1. 井字棋游戏

实现单机版井字棋游戏，具体代码实现可参考下面的示例：

import curses

def draw_board(screen):
    screen.addstr(0, 4, "  0   1   2")
    screen.addstr(1, 4, " -----------")
    screen.addstr(2, 0, "0|   |   |   |")
    screen.addstr(3, 0, " |-----------|")
    screen.addstr(4, 0, "1|   |   |   |")
    screen.addstr(5, 0, " |-----------|")
    screen.addstr(6, 0, "2|   |   |   |")
    screen.addstr(7, 4, " -----------")

def check_win(board):
    for row in board:
        if set(row) == {"X"} or set(row) == {"O"}:
            return True

    for i in range(3):
        if board[0][i] == board[1][i] == board[2][i] and board[0][i] != " ":
            return True

    if board[0][0] == board[1][1] == board[2][2] and board[0][0] != " ":
        return True

    if board[0][2] == board[1][1] == board[2][0] and board[0][2] != " ":
        return True

    return False

def main(screen):
    screen.clear()

    draw_board(screen)
    board = [[" ", " ", " "], [" ", " ", " "], [" ", " ", " "]]
    current_player = "X"

    while True:
        screen.refresh()
        row = int(screen.getch() - ord("0"))
        col = int(screen.getch() - ord("0"))

        if board[row][col] == " ":
            board[row][col] = current_player
        else:
            continue

        screen.addstr(2 + row * 2, 2 + col * 4, current_player)

        if check_win(board):
            screen.addstr(9, 0, f"{current_player} wins!")
            screen.refresh()
            break

        if current_player == "X":
            current_player = "O"
        else:
            current_player = "X"

        screen.addstr(10, 0, " " * 20)
        screen.addstr(10, 0, f"{current_player}'s turn")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    curses.wrapper(main)

运行程序，在终端中出现井字棋盘的字符显示界面，玩家可通过键盘输入单击来完成落子，当满足某一个玩家在横向，纵向或者斜线方向三个连续位置均为他的形象（'X'或'O'）时，游戏显示该玩家获胜，游戏结束。而若盘面的格子被下满，且没有玩家胜出，则为平局。

1. 跳马游戏

在一个10×10的方格中完成跳马游戏，具体代码实现可参考下面的示例：

import curses
import time

def draw_board(screen):
    for i in range(2, 22, 2):
        for j in range(2, 42, 4):
            screen.addstr(i, j, "+")

    screen.refresh()

def draw_pos(screen, pos, color):
    x, y = pos
    screen.addstr(2 + y * 2, 2 + x * 4, "*", curses.color_pair(color))
    screen.refresh()

def get_next_pos(past, board):
    x, y = past

    next_positions = [(x + 1, y - 2), (x + 2, y - 1),
                      (x + 2, y + 1), (x + 1, y + 2),
                      (x - 1, y + 2), (x - 2, y + 1),
                      (x - 2, y - 1), (x - 1, y - 2)]

    accessible_positions = []
    for position in next_positions:
        if 0 <= position[0] < 10 and 0 <= position[1] < 10 and board[position[1]][position[0]] == 0:
            accessible_positions.append(position)

    if not accessible_positions:
        return None

    move = accessible_positions[0]
    for position in accessible_positions:
        if get_accessibility(position, board) < get_accessibility(move, board):
            move = position

    return move

def get_accessibility(pos, board):
    accessibility = 0

    next_positions = [(pos[0] + 1, pos[1] - 2), (pos[0] + 2, pos[1] - 1),
                      (pos[0] + 2, pos[1] + 1), (pos[0] + 1, pos[1] + 2),
                      (pos[0] - 1, pos[1] + 2), (pos[0] - 2, pos[1] + 1),
                      (pos[0] - 2, pos[1] - 1), (pos[0] - 1, pos[1] - 2)]

    for position in next_positions:
        if 0 <= position[0] < 10 and 0 <= position[1] < 10 and board[position[1]][position[0]] == 0:
            accessibility += 1

    return accessibility

def main(screen):
    curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_RED, curses.COLOR_BLACK)

    screen.clear()

    board = [[0] * 10 for i in range(10)]
    x, y = 0, 0
    draw_board(screen)

    for i in range(100):
        draw_pos(screen, (x, y), 1)
        time.sleep(0.05)

        board[y][x] = 1
        next_pos = get_next_pos((x, y), board)
        if not next_pos:
            break

        x, y = next_pos

    screen.getch()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    curses.wrapper(main)

运行程序，在终端中出现10×10方格的字符显示界面，通通过计算来决定默认跳马的落点位置。接着通过get_next_pos函数来获取马跳的下一个位置。在每次转移前，都会绘图，并将相应的位置变为已占领状态，当无法再跳转时游戏结束，并会一直停留在该界面，直至玩家结束游戏。

这样以通过Python的curses库实现字符显示界面的相关操作步骤和示例。