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c#正反序列化XML文件示例(xml序列化)

什么是XML序列化？

XML序列化是一种将对象统一保存为XML格式并在需要时将XML信息还原成对象的技术。在C#中，可以使用System.Xml.Serialization命名空间中的类来实现XML序列化和反序列化。

XML序列化的基本过程

1. 定义要序列化的对象

在C#中，需要将一个对象序列化为XML格式，首先需要定义这个对象，并在类声明处添加[Serializable]标记，如下所示：

[Serializable]
public class Student
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Gender { get; set; }
}

2. 创建XmlSerializer对象

创建XmlSerializer对象时需要传入要序列化的对象类型作为参数。

XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Student));

3. 将对象序列化为XML文件

通过XmlSerializer对象的Serialize方法将要序列化的对象转换为XML格式并保存到文件中。

Student student = new Student() { Name = "Tom", Age = 18, Gender = "Male" };
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("student.xml", FileMode.Create))
{
    serializer.Serialize(fs, student);
}

4. 将XML文件反序列化为对象

通过XmlSerializer对象的Deserialize方法，将XML文件还原成对象。

using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("student.xml", FileMode.Open))
{
    Student deserializedStudent = (Student)serializer.Deserialize(fs);
    Console.WriteLine($"Name:{deserializedStudent.Name}, Age:{deserializedStudent.Age}, Gender:{deserializedStudent.Gender}");
}

示例1：将List序列化为XML文件并读取

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

[Serializable]
public class Student
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Gender { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Student>));
        List<Student> students = new List<Student>()
        {
            new Student(){Name="Tom",Age=18,Gender="Male"},
            new Student(){Name="Lucy",Age=17,Gender="Female"}
        };

        //序列化为XML文件并保存
        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("students.xml", FileMode.Create))
        {
            serializer.Serialize(fs, students);
        }

        //从XML文件中读取序列化的数据并反序列化为对象列表
        using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("students.xml", FileMode.Open))
        {
            List<Student> deserializedStudents = (List<Student>)serializer.Deserialize(fs);
            foreach (var student in deserializedStudents)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Name:{student.Name}, Age:{student.Age}, Gender:{student.Gender}");
            }
        }
    }
}

示例2：使用XmlWriter和XmlReader实现XML序列化

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;

[Serializable]
public class Student
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Gender { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<Student> students = new List<Student>()
        {
            new Student(){Name="Tom",Age=18,Gender="Male"},
            new Student(){Name="Lucy",Age=17,Gender="Female"}
        };

        //将对象序列化为XML文本
        using (TextWriter writer = new StringWriter())
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Student>));
            serializer.Serialize(writer, students);
            Console.WriteLine(writer.ToString());
        }

        //将XML文本反序列化为对象列表
        using (TextReader reader = new StringReader("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-16\" ?><ArrayOfStudent xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\"><Student><Name>Tom</Name><Age>18</Age><Gender>Male</Gender></Student><Student><Name>Lucy</Name><Age>17</Age><Gender>Female</Gender></Student></ArrayOfStudent>"))
        {
            List<Student> deserializedStudents = new List<Student>();
            XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(reader);
            while (xmlReader.Read())
            {
                if (xmlReader.Name == "Student" && xmlReader.IsStartElement())
                {
                    Student student = new Student()
                    {
                        Name = xmlReader.GetAttribute("Name"),
                        Age = int.Parse(xmlReader.GetAttribute("Age")),
                        Gender = xmlReader.GetAttribute("Gender")
                    };
                    deserializedStudents.Add(student);
                }
            }
            foreach (var student in deserializedStudents)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Name:{student.Name}, Age:{student.Age}, Gender:{student.Gender}");
            }
        }
    }
}

以上就是关于c#正反序列化XML文件的示例和攻略，希望对你有所帮助。